Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - OECD Nuclear Energy ...

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O&M costs The specific annual O&M costs summarised in Table 3.8 show a variability from country to country reflecting largely differences in wages and equipment prices in different parts of the world. The lowest projected specific annual O&M costs are reported by Finland and France, and the highest by Japan; projected O&M costs reported by Japan are more than double of those reported by Finland or France expressed in USD. Only the Slovak Republic indicated an escalation of specific annual O&M costs with time, all other respondents assume that O&M costs will remain constant over the economic lifetime of the plant. Table 3.8 – Specific annual O&M costs (per kWe) of nuclear power plants in 2010 CAN USA CZE FIN FRA DEU NLD SVK CHE JPN KOR1 KOR2 ROU b NCU 89.6 63 1 713 41.96 40.3 56.80 59 2 830 a 72 12 810 86 243 72 526 – USD 66.6 63 62.2 48.00 46.1 64.98 67.5 77.8 53.4 107.6 68.99 58.02 81.9 € 58.2 55 54.4 41.96 40.3 56.80 59 68 46.7 94 60.31 50.72 71.6 a. Increasing with time. b. Costs reported in USD. Table 3.9 – Nuclear fuel cycle costs (USD/MWh) Country At 5% discount rate At 10% discount rate Front end Back end Total Front end Back end Total Canada 2.53 1.04 3.57 2.53 1.04 3.57 United States 3.44 1.20 4.64 3.56 1.10 4.66 Czech Republic ns ns 4.50 ns ns 4.70 Finland ns ns 5.13 ns ns 4.90 France 4.30 0.70 5.00 4.80 0.50 5.30 Germany ns ns 4.78 ns ns 4.78 Netherlands 4.00 4.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 8.00 Slovak Republic 3.90 1.90 5.80 3.96 1.90 5.86 Switzerland 3.49 1.10 4.59 3.49 1.10 4.59 Japan 5.88 5.88 11.76 6.97 4.79 11.76 Korea N1 ns ns 3.55 ns ns 3.98 Korea N2 ns ns 3.56 ns ns 3.98 Romania 2.00 0.80 2.80 2.00 0.80 2.80 Abbreviation: ns = not specified. The nuclear fuel cycle includes several steps, from uranium mining to disposal of spent fuel or radioactive waste from reprocessing. For the purpose of this study, the levelised nuclear fuel cycle costs were not calculated by the Secretariat but asked for in the questionnaire. The responses provided at 5% and 10% discount rates are presented in Table 3.9 and were used in calculating levelised costs of generating electricity from nuclear power plants. Past trends have shown decreasing fuel cycle costs but all responding countries, except Finland which projects a 1% increase per year, expect those costs to remain stable during the economic lifetime of the nuclear power plants. In most cases, the impact of discount rate on levelised fuel cycle cost is estimated negligible by the respondents. Levelised generation costs The levelised costs of generating nuclear electricity are presented in Figures 3.8 and 3.9 and in the detailed tables of results for all power plants (Tables 3.13 and 3.14). The large increase in the levelised 44
cost of nuclear generated electricity at 10% discount rate as compared with the levelised cost at 5% discount rate, visible on Figures 3.8 and 3.9, is a characteristic of nuclear energy and other capital intensive technologies for generating electricity. At 5% discount rate, the levelised costs of nuclear generated electricity range between 21 and 31 USD/MWh except for the two plants in the Netherlands and Japan. Investment costs represent the largest share of total levelised costs, around 50% in average while O&M costs represent around 30% and fuel cycle costs around 20%. The cost structure, i.e. respective shares of the three components, remains fairly stable from country to country. At 10% discount rate, the levelised costs of nuclear generated electricity are in the range 30 to 50 USD/MWh in all countries except the Netherlands and Japan. In Japan, the levelised cost exceeds largely 60 USD/MWh. The share of investment in total levelised generation cost is around 70% while the other cost elements, O&M and fuel cycle, represent in average 20% and 10% respectively. Figure 3.8 – Levelised costs of nuclear generated electricity at 5% discount rate (USD/MWh) USD/MWh 70 60 50 Fuel O&M Investment 40 30 20 10 0 CAN-N USA-N CZE-N FIN-N FRA-N DEU-N NLD-N SVK-N CHE-N JPN-N KOR-N1 KOR-N2 Figure 3.9 – Levelised costs of nuclear generated electricity at 10% discount rate (USD/MWh) USD/MWh 70 60 50 ROU-N Fuel O&M Investment 40 30 20 10 0 CAN-N USA-N CZE-N FIN-N FRA-N DEU-N NLD-N 45 SVK-N CHE-N JPN-N KOR-N1 KOR-N2 ROU-N
Page 1: NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY INTERNATIONAL
Page 4: ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents Table of Contents
Page 11: Figures Figure 3.1 Specific overnig
Page 14 and 15: The introduction of liberalisation
Page 16 and 17: 150 USD/MWh at a 5% discount rate a
Page 18 and 19: The technologies and plant types co
Page 20 and 21: locations and/or very favourable co
Page 22 and 23: conclusions of the study were used
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 Input Data and Cost Calcu
Page 27 and 28: equipped with emission control devi
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.2 - Exchange rates (as of 1
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.4 - Coal plant specificatio
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.7 - Wind and solar power pl
Page 35: Table 2.10 - Other plant specificat
Page 38 and 39: Figure 3.1 - Specific overnight con
Page 40 and 41: exchange rates, the coal prices var
Page 42 and 43: Construction time Gas-fired power p
Page 44 and 45: USD/MWh 70 60 Figure 3.5 - Levelise
Page 48 and 49: Cost ranges for coal, gas and nucle
Page 50 and 51: Ratio 1.9 Figure 3.12 - Cost ratios
Page 52 and 53: Table 3.11 - Overnight construction
Page 54 and 55: Table 3.14 - Projected generation c
Page 56 and 57: Except for the offshore plant in th
Page 58 and 59: At 10% discount rate, the levelised
Page 60 and 61: At 5% discount rate, hydroelectrici
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.6 - Projected generation co
Page 66 and 67: A CHP plant typically supplies heat
Page 70 and 71: Figure 5.2 - Levelised costs of ele
Page 72 and 73: lower unit capital and operating co
Page 76 and 77: cost calculation for some 130 power
Page 78 and 79: It should be stressed that the plan
Page 80 and 81: Concluding remarks The lowest level
Page 82 and 83: Portugal Mr. António B. Gomes EDP
Page 84 and 85: Table A2.1 - Nuclear plant investme
Page 86 and 87: Overnight Capital Costs: Constructi
Page 88 and 89: Table A2.7 - Gas-fired (including C
Page 90 and 91: Table A2.10 - Wind plant investment
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Cost structure of supported green e
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The highest investment cost arises
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The expected development of the per
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● ● Autoproducers. These firms
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Canada The electricity market situa
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Natural gas - combined cycle gas tu
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Denmark Basic data Denmark has abou
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In the future, both an increase in
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nuclear operator Teollisuuden Voima
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these power generation methods. Two
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Figure 5 - Competitiveness of vario
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2004. It envisages the gradual incr
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Table 4 - Gross electricity supply
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● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
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Electricity generation costs The to
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photovoltaic device. Finally the su
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Table 1 - Installed electric power
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Japan Consumers in Japan are suppli
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BPE will be established not as a bi
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Coal Coal fired power plants have b
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A new sewage treatment plant with a
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The interconnections between Portug
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In order to respond to these basic
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efficient energies and is reducing
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Liberalisation Basic restructuring
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External costs for electricity prod
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At the beginning of plant operation
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and high ash, moisture and sulphur
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The White Paper did not contain pro
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Table 7 shows the projected load fa
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other investment options available
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The impurities contained in coal ar
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“ultra-supercritical” condition
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unmineable coal seams. All three pr
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Light water reactors require enrich
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concerns. Consequently, the natural
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generators and power electronics el
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conventional fossil-fired plants. B
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● ● very effective and is used
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Appendix 5 Cost Estimation Methodol
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into account in the real price of g
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● ● ● ● Factors under the c
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and small power plants. Although th
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The general approach remains useful
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Two US economic analyses of nuclear
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assume future prices follow a rando
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The effects of price risk on techno
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The option to delay is embedded in
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Appendix 7 Allocating the Costs and
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Further Fourier’s law for heat tr
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Figure A7.4 - The energy conversion
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This yields: β = 0.153 α. If α e
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It is emphasised that depending on
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1 st oil shock 2 nd oil shock Saudi
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Table A8.2 - Expected lower and upp
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Reliability in electricity systems
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is also highly dependent on the typ
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In the ILEX study 5 and in another
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an increasing share of wind is the
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able to work out the optimal operat
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Appendix 10 Impact of Carbon Emissi
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costs of generation. The introducti
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price at 3.5 €/GJ are the next fa
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Figure A10.5 - Steam coal price var
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The longer term impact on investmen
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Appendix 11 List of Main Abbreviati
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