Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - OECD Nuclear Energy ...

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Overnight Capital Costs: Construction Table A2.16 – Other plant investment cost coverage AUT CZE CZE DNK DNK DEU NLD USA USA USA CHP CR WI CHP CHP CHP WI CR Geo- Landfill Biomass Multifuel Straw-coal Biogas thermal gas Direct costs - Site preparation x ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - Civil work ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - Material, equipment & manpower for construction ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Indirect costs - Design, engineering & supervision ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - Provisional equipment & operation x ✔ ✔ ns ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - Worksite administrative expenses ✔ ✔ x ns ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Owner’s costs - General administration ✔ x x ns ✔ x ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - Pre-operation ✔ x ✔ ns ✔ x ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - R&D (plant specific) ✔ x x ns x x ✔ x x x - Spare parts x ✔ ✔ ns ✔ x ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - Site selection, acquisition, licensing & public rel. x ✔ ✔ ns ✔ x ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - Taxes (local/regional, plant specific) x x x ns x x ✔ x x ns Others - Major refurbishment x ✔ 1 ✔ 1 ✔ x x ✔ x x x - Decommissioning x x x ✔ ✔ x ✔ x x x - Credits x x x x x x ✔ x x x - Contingency x x x x x ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - Miscellaneous ns x x ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Note: 1. Replacement of most stressed parts according to their lifetime. Table A2.17 – Other plant O&M cost coverage AUT CZE CZE DNK DNK DEU NLD USA USA USA CHP CR WI CHP CHP CHP WI CR Geo- Landfill Biomass Multifuel Straw-coal Biogas thermal gas Operation ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Maintenance (materials, manpower, services) ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Engineering support staff ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Administration x x x ns ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ General expenses of central services (outside the site) x x x x ✔ ✔ ns ✔ ✔ ✔ Taxes & duties (plant specific) x x x x x ✔ ✔ 2 x x x Insurance (plant specific) x x x ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ x x x Major refurbishment x x x x x ✔ 1 ns x x x Operating waste disposal (e.g. coal ash, sludge) ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Credits x x x x x x ns x x x Others ns x x x x ns ns ns ns ns Notes: 1. Included in the fixed operating costs. 2. VAT 19% on investment. Abbreviations: ✔ = included x = excluded ns = not specified 92
Appendix 3 Country Statements on Cost Estimates and Generation Technology Austria App. 3 Basic data Austria has about 8.1 million inhabitants and a total electricity consumption of about 63 TWh. The electricity generation in Austria is approximately in the same range as the electricity demand. Austria is a mountainous area with a high potential of hydro power which is already used and covers about 66% of Austria’s electricity demand. Austrian investment examples selected for cost calculation case studies The contribution from the Austrian side for this report about generation costs of electricity is focused on generation by renewable sources and by fossil co-generation plants. The following examples of projects, which are currently invested or have been invested within the last one or two years, are presented: ● AUT-H1: Hydro power (run of the river) with 14 MWe. ● AUT-H2: Small hydro with high pressure with 1.5 MWe. ● AUT-W: Wind power with 11 units of 1.75 MWe each (total 19.25 MWe). ● AUT-CHP1: Combined heat and power with natural gas as fuel (CCGT), 84 MWe/127 MWth. ● AUT-CHP2: Combined heat and power with biomass as fuel, 8 MWe/20 MWth. ● AUT-CHP3: Combined heat and power with natural gas as fuel (CCGT), 105 MWe/110 MWth. For a correct interpretation of the cost calculations the following specific conditions must be taken into consideration: ● The two investments AUT-H1 and AUT-H2 are hydro power projects with a relatively small capacity. The electricity production costs per kWh therefore are higher than the costs of large hydro in most cases would be. ● The wind power project AUT-W is in a mountainous region. The investment and operation costs therefore are higher than for an average wind power investment. ● The combined heat and power plants AUT-CHP1 (natural gas based) and AUT-CHP2 (biomass) are new investments. ● The combined heat and power plant AUT-CHP3 (natural gas based) is the modernisation of a power plant which was built in 1970 with two smaller boilers and now is substituted by one bigger boiler whose capacity is about double the total of the two former boilers. Because it is a modernisation the investment needed is smaller than it would have been with a completely new plant. However, the difference is probably not so large because the dimension of the new units is quite different than the former had been. 93
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NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY INTERNATIONAL
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ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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Figures Figure 3.1 Specific overnig
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The introduction of liberalisation
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150 USD/MWh at a 5% discount rate a
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The technologies and plant types co
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locations and/or very favourable co
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conclusions of the study were used
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Chapter 2 Input Data and Cost Calcu
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equipped with emission control devi
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Table 2.2 - Exchange rates (as of 1
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Table 2.4 - Coal plant specificatio
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Table 2.7 - Wind and solar power pl
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Table 2.10 - Other plant specificat
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Figure 3.1 - Specific overnight con
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exchange rates, the coal prices var
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Construction time Gas-fired power p
Page 44 and 45: USD/MWh 70 60 Figure 3.5 - Levelise
Page 46 and 47: O&M costs The specific annual O&M c
Page 48 and 49: Cost ranges for coal, gas and nucle
Page 50 and 51: Ratio 1.9 Figure 3.12 - Cost ratios
Page 52 and 53: Table 3.11 - Overnight construction
Page 54 and 55: Table 3.14 - Projected generation c
Page 56 and 57: Except for the offshore plant in th
Page 58 and 59: At 10% discount rate, the levelised
Page 60 and 61: At 5% discount rate, hydroelectrici
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.6 - Projected generation co
Page 66 and 67: A CHP plant typically supplies heat
Page 70 and 71: Figure 5.2 - Levelised costs of ele
Page 72 and 73: lower unit capital and operating co
Page 76 and 77: cost calculation for some 130 power
Page 78 and 79: It should be stressed that the plan
Page 80 and 81: Concluding remarks The lowest level
Page 82 and 83: Portugal Mr. António B. Gomes EDP
Page 84 and 85: Table A2.1 - Nuclear plant investme
Page 86 and 87: Overnight Capital Costs: Constructi
Page 88 and 89: Table A2.7 - Gas-fired (including C
Page 90 and 91: Table A2.10 - Wind plant investment
Page 92 and 93: Overnight Capital Costs: Constructi
Page 96 and 97: Cost structure of supported green e
Page 98 and 99: The highest investment cost arises
Page 100 and 101: The expected development of the per
Page 102 and 103: ● ● Autoproducers. These firms
Page 104 and 105: Canada The electricity market situa
Page 106 and 107: Natural gas - combined cycle gas tu
Page 108 and 109: Denmark Basic data Denmark has abou
Page 110 and 111: In the future, both an increase in
Page 112 and 113: nuclear operator Teollisuuden Voima
Page 114 and 115: these power generation methods. Two
Page 116 and 117: Figure 5 - Competitiveness of vario
Page 118 and 119: 2004. It envisages the gradual incr
Page 120 and 121: Table 4 - Gross electricity supply
Page 122 and 123: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Page 124 and 125: Electricity generation costs The to
Page 126 and 127: photovoltaic device. Finally the su
Page 128 and 129: Table 1 - Installed electric power
Page 130 and 131: Japan Consumers in Japan are suppli
Page 132 and 133: BPE will be established not as a bi
Page 134 and 135: Coal Coal fired power plants have b
Page 136 and 137: A new sewage treatment plant with a
Page 138 and 139: The interconnections between Portug
Page 140 and 141: In order to respond to these basic
Page 142 and 143: efficient energies and is reducing
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Liberalisation Basic restructuring
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External costs for electricity prod
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At the beginning of plant operation
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and high ash, moisture and sulphur
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The White Paper did not contain pro
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Table 7 shows the projected load fa
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other investment options available
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The impurities contained in coal ar
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“ultra-supercritical” condition
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unmineable coal seams. All three pr
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Light water reactors require enrich
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concerns. Consequently, the natural
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generators and power electronics el
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conventional fossil-fired plants. B
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● ● very effective and is used
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Appendix 5 Cost Estimation Methodol
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into account in the real price of g
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● ● ● ● Factors under the c
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and small power plants. Although th
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The general approach remains useful
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Two US economic analyses of nuclear
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assume future prices follow a rando
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The effects of price risk on techno
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The option to delay is embedded in
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Appendix 7 Allocating the Costs and
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Further Fourier’s law for heat tr
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Figure A7.4 - The energy conversion
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This yields: β = 0.153 α. If α e
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It is emphasised that depending on
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1 st oil shock 2 nd oil shock Saudi
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Table A8.2 - Expected lower and upp
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Reliability in electricity systems
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is also highly dependent on the typ
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In the ILEX study 5 and in another
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an increasing share of wind is the
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able to work out the optimal operat
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Appendix 10 Impact of Carbon Emissi
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costs of generation. The introducti
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price at 3.5 €/GJ are the next fa
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Figure A10.5 - Steam coal price var
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The longer term impact on investmen
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Appendix 11 List of Main Abbreviati
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