Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - OECD Nuclear Energy ...

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At 5% discount rate, hydroelectricity generation costs range between some 40 and 80 USD/MWh for all plants except in Japan where they reach more than 140 USD/MWh. O&M costs account in all cases for less than one third of total levelised generation costs. At 10% discount rate, hydroelectricity generation costs range between some 65 and 100 USD/MWh for most plants but reach nearly 150 USD/MWh for the German plant and more than 240 USD/MWh for the Japanese plant. The predominant share of investment in total levelised generation costs explains the large difference between costs at 5% and 10% discount rate. The O&M costs, at 10% discount rate, are only a marginal component, representing some 10% or less except for GRC-H1 in Greece. Solar power plants Responses to the questionnaire provided input data for six solar power plants in four countries, including one solar thermal parabolic unit in the United States. The specific overnight construction costs reported are ranging between 2 775 USD/kWe for the thermal parabolic plant in the United States and 10 164 USD/kWe for the 100 (4 x 25) kWe solar PV plant in the Czech Republic (see Figure 4.8 and Table 4.4). For all the solar power plants considered, the construction time is expected to be one year, except in the United States (three years for the thermal parabolic plant and two years for the solar PV plant). The plant capacities are very small, except for the 100 MWe thermal parabolic plant in the United States. The specific annual O&M costs reported for solar power plants vary widely from plant to plant but generally are rather low, even zero in Denmark (see Table 4.3). Figure 4.8 – Specific overnight construction costs of solar power plants (USD/kWe) USD/kWe 10 000 8 000 Solar PV Thermal parabolic 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 USA-S1 USA-S2 CZE-S DNK-S DEU-S1 DEU-S2 Table 4.3 – Specific annual O&M costs (per kWe) for solar power plants in 2010 USA-S1 USA-S2 CZE-S DNK-S DEU-S1 DEU-S2 NCU 50.00 10.00 2 974 0 29.40 40.00 USD 50.00 10.00 107.96 0 33.63 45.76 € 57.20 11.44 94.37 0 29.40 40.00 58
The availability/capacity factors reported for solar plants vary from 9% in the Czech Republic and Denmark to 24% for the solar PV plant in the United States. The technical lifetimes reported for solar power plants vary from 20 years in the Czech Republic to 40 years, taken as a generic assumption for cost estimates, in the United States. The levelised cost calculations for solar power plants have been performed in the present study assuming that the economic lifetime equals the technical lifetime. Figure 4.9 shows the levelised costs of solar generated electricity at 5% and 10% discount rates which are reported in Tables 4.5 and 4.6. Even in the United States, where reported investment costs are lower and capacity/availability factors higher, the levelised costs of solar generated electricity are reaching around 150 USD/MWh at 5% discount rate and more than 200 USD/MWh at 10% discount rate. In the other countries, the levelised costs of solar-generated electricity are close to or way above 300 USD/MWh. USD/MWh Figure 4.9 – Levelised costs of electricity generated by solar power plants at 5% and 10% discount rates (USD/MWh) 2 000 1 800 1 600 5% 10% discount rate O&M Investment 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 USA-S1 USA-S2 CZE-S DNK-S DEU-S1 DEU-S2 59
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NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY INTERNATIONAL
Page 4:
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents Table of Contents
Page 11: Figures Figure 3.1 Specific overnig
Page 14 and 15: The introduction of liberalisation
Page 16 and 17: 150 USD/MWh at a 5% discount rate a
Page 18 and 19: The technologies and plant types co
Page 20 and 21: locations and/or very favourable co
Page 22 and 23: conclusions of the study were used
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 Input Data and Cost Calcu
Page 27 and 28: equipped with emission control devi
Page 29 and 30: Table 2.2 - Exchange rates (as of 1
Page 31 and 32: Table 2.4 - Coal plant specificatio
Page 33 and 34: Table 2.7 - Wind and solar power pl
Page 35: Table 2.10 - Other plant specificat
Page 38 and 39: Figure 3.1 - Specific overnight con
Page 40 and 41: exchange rates, the coal prices var
Page 42 and 43: Construction time Gas-fired power p
Page 44 and 45: USD/MWh 70 60 Figure 3.5 - Levelise
Page 46 and 47: O&M costs The specific annual O&M c
Page 48 and 49: Cost ranges for coal, gas and nucle
Page 50 and 51: Ratio 1.9 Figure 3.12 - Cost ratios
Page 52 and 53: Table 3.11 - Overnight construction
Page 54 and 55: Table 3.14 - Projected generation c
Page 56 and 57: Except for the offshore plant in th
Page 58 and 59: At 10% discount rate, the levelised
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.6 - Projected generation co
Page 66 and 67: A CHP plant typically supplies heat
Page 70 and 71: Figure 5.2 - Levelised costs of ele
Page 72 and 73: lower unit capital and operating co
Page 76 and 77: cost calculation for some 130 power
Page 78 and 79: It should be stressed that the plan
Page 80 and 81: Concluding remarks The lowest level
Page 82 and 83: Portugal Mr. António B. Gomes EDP
Page 84 and 85: Table A2.1 - Nuclear plant investme
Page 86 and 87: Overnight Capital Costs: Constructi
Page 88 and 89: Table A2.7 - Gas-fired (including C
Page 90 and 91: Table A2.10 - Wind plant investment
Page 96 and 97: Cost structure of supported green e
Page 98 and 99: The highest investment cost arises
Page 100 and 101: The expected development of the per
Page 102 and 103: ● ● Autoproducers. These firms
Page 104 and 105: Canada The electricity market situa
Page 106 and 107: Natural gas - combined cycle gas tu
Page 108 and 109: Denmark Basic data Denmark has abou
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In the future, both an increase in
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nuclear operator Teollisuuden Voima
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these power generation methods. Two
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Figure 5 - Competitiveness of vario
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2004. It envisages the gradual incr
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Table 4 - Gross electricity supply
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● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
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Electricity generation costs The to
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photovoltaic device. Finally the su
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Table 1 - Installed electric power
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Japan Consumers in Japan are suppli
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BPE will be established not as a bi
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Coal Coal fired power plants have b
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A new sewage treatment plant with a
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The interconnections between Portug
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In order to respond to these basic
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efficient energies and is reducing
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Liberalisation Basic restructuring
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External costs for electricity prod
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At the beginning of plant operation
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and high ash, moisture and sulphur
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The White Paper did not contain pro
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Table 7 shows the projected load fa
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other investment options available
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The impurities contained in coal ar
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“ultra-supercritical” condition
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unmineable coal seams. All three pr
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Light water reactors require enrich
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concerns. Consequently, the natural
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generators and power electronics el
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conventional fossil-fired plants. B
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● ● very effective and is used
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Appendix 5 Cost Estimation Methodol
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into account in the real price of g
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● ● ● ● Factors under the c
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and small power plants. Although th
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The general approach remains useful
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Two US economic analyses of nuclear
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assume future prices follow a rando
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The effects of price risk on techno
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The option to delay is embedded in
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Appendix 7 Allocating the Costs and
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Further Fourier’s law for heat tr
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Figure A7.4 - The energy conversion
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This yields: β = 0.153 α. If α e
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It is emphasised that depending on
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1 st oil shock 2 nd oil shock Saudi
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Table A8.2 - Expected lower and upp
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Reliability in electricity systems
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is also highly dependent on the typ
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In the ILEX study 5 and in another
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an increasing share of wind is the
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able to work out the optimal operat
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Appendix 10 Impact of Carbon Emissi
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costs of generation. The introducti
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price at 3.5 €/GJ are the next fa
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Figure A10.5 - Steam coal price var
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The longer term impact on investmen
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Appendix 11 List of Main Abbreviati
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