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Much remained to be done, and Elgin’s further four years in Canada called for the exercise of the same talents as did the turbulent year 1849. There were local reforms to be carried out, such as the abolition of the clergy reserves and of seigneurial tenure in Lower Canada. The latter was a clearly local issue and was dealt with by the Canadian parliament. But the clergy reserves, governed by an imperial act of 1840, could not be touched without an act of parliament of the United Kingdom enabling the Canadian legislature to deal with them. The question invited the same appeal to Britain as the Rebellion Losses Act had done, especially as nothing could more symbolize an empire and a nation across the seas than a common established church. Elgin recommended that the imperial parliament be asked to end the act of 1840 and leave the future of the reserves to the Canadian parliament. After repeated efforts were foiled by opposition of the bishops in the House of Lords, this action was taken and in 1854 the reserves were ended, but on terms respecting vested interests. In the same year seigneurial tenure was abolished. That this legislation was the work of a Liberal-Conservative Anglo-French party in coalition pleased Elgin, as such a union was the outcome of the regime of local decisions by moderate and responsible men which he had made possible in Canada. But more exhilarating, no doubt, was the long delayed conclusion of the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States, the final act of Elgin’s personal diplomacy. Foreseen as early as 1846 in Canada as a necessary outcome of the dismantling of the protective system, reciprocity had been repeatedly defeated in the United States for lack of evident advantage to American economic interests and because of its implications as a possible prelude to annexation, a step which would upset the balance of free and slave soil in the expanded republic of 1848. The inducements of free navigation on the Canadian section of the St Lawrence and of access to the fisheries of the Atlantic provinces removed American objections that it conferred no benefits on the United States. In 1854 the British government acknowledged the need to lobby Congress. Elgin went to Washington and in a diplomatic tour de force persuaded the Southern senators that reciprocity would prevent, not provoke, annexation. It was a brilliant climax to seven years of intense persuasion, in which he had established the conventions of constitutional, monarchical, and parliamentary government in Canada, and ensured that prosperity without which he believed, as had Durham, Canadians could not be expected to prefer self-government in the empire to annexation to the United States. Elgin returned to Britain in December 1854. Despite approaches, he remained outside active politics there. In 1857 the dispute with the empire of China over the lorcha Arrow and British trading rights in Canton led to his commission by the Palmerston government as a special envoy to China. The mission was delayed by the need to assist in the suppression of the Indian Mutiny. In 1857, however, in consort with a French envoy, Elgin made his way by armed force into Canton, and in 1858 negotiated at Tientsin with representatives of the imperial government a treaty providing for a British minister to China, additional trading rights, protection of missionaries, and an indemnity. He then went to Japan where he concluded a commercial treaty. He returned to England in 1859 and accepted, as did other former Peelites, office in the new Palmerston government. He became postmaster general, not the best use of his talents which were diplomatic rather than administrative. However, in 1860, as a result of the Chinese government’s refusal to implement the Treaty of Tientsin, Elgin was again sent with an Anglo-French military force and a French colleague to ensure the acceptance of the treaty. The army advanced to Peking and, after the murder of some English captives, the Summer Palace of the emperors was burned on Elgin’s decision to avenge the insult and to enforce the signature of the treaty. In 1861 he was appointed viceroy and governor general of India, but over-exertion on an official tour in 1862 brought a fatal heart attack the next year. There is no evident connection between Elgin’s service in Jamaica and Canada and that in the Far East and India. The same decisiveness and diplomatic skill are apparent. But it is perhaps the unusual degree to which he sympathized with the Chinese he encountered and perceived the difficulties of a decadent empire that was most remarkable. He set out to understand India also, not by study of the conventions of the British regime, but in travelling among the people. It was the same desire and capacity to understand the society in which he was to govern that had enabled him to assist in creating in Canada a locally acceptable government of moderates between the extremes of race, partisanship, and tradition. What was extraordinary in Elgin’s career in Canada was his immediate and imaginative mastery of his role, and the creative spirit in which he developed it. W. L. MORTON Elgin-Grey papers (Doughty). Letters and journals of James, eighth Earl of Elgin, ed. Theodore Walrond (London, 1872). R. S. Longley, Sir Francis Hincks; a study of Canadian politics, railways, and finance in the nineteenth century (Toronto, 1943). D. C. Masters, The reciprocity treaty of 1854: its history, its relation to British colonial and foreign policy and to the development of Canadian fiscal autonomy (London and Toronto, 1936). Monet, Last cannon shot. J. L. Morison, British supremacy & Canadian selfgovernment, 18391854 (Glasgow, 1919); The eighth Earl of Elgin . . . ([London], 1928). G. N. Tucker, The Canadian commercial revolution, 18451851 (New Haven, Conn., 1936). 24. Thomas Alexander Erskine, 6th Earl of Kellie (G.M. of England: 1760-65) 1763-65 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Erskine%2C_6th_Earl_of_Kellie Thomas Alexander Erskine, 6th Earl of Kellie (1 September 1732–9 October 1781), styled Viscount Fentoun and Lord Pittenweem until 1756, was a British musician and composer whose considerable talent brought him international fame and his rakish habits notoriety, but nowadays is little known. Recent recordings of his surviving compositions have led to him being reevaluated as one of the most important British composers of the 18th century, as well as a prime example of Scotland's music. His mother, Janet Pitcairn, was the daughter of a celebrated physician and poet. His father Alexander Erskine, the 5th Earl of Kellie, was incarcerated in Edinburgh castle for supporting the Jacobites in the 1745 Jacobite Rising. Around 1752 Thomas left for Mannheim in Germany to study under the elder Johann Stamitz and returned to Scotland in 1756 as a virtuoso violinist and composer, nicknamed "fiddler Tam". He began propagating the modern Mannheim style, of which he was to become widely acknowledged as the leading British exponent. Six of his three-movement "Overtures" (Symphonies) were published in Edinburgh in 1761. James Boswell borrowed five guineas from Erskine on 20 October 1762, and on 26 May 1763 took him on a visit to Lord Eglinton's in London, where the overture the Earl composed for the popular pastiche The Maid of the Mill (at Covent Garden in 1765) became exceptionally popular. In 1767 the Earl returned to Scotland, where he became a leading light of the Edinburgh Music Society, acting as deputy governor, and as an able violinist directed the concerts in Saint Cecillia's Hall in Niddry's Wynd, Edinburgh. His dissolute life style extended to founding an (all-male) drinking club, and reportedly the playwright Samuel Foote advised Kellie to put his red nose into his greenhouse to ripen his cucumbers! He tended to compose on the spot and absent-mindedly give music away without further thought for it. His health suffered and he visited Spa, Belgium, but while returning was "struck with a paralytic shock" and while stopping for a few days at Brussels was attacked by a "putrid fever" and died at the age of 51. Until the 1970s only a small number of his compositions was thought to survive, though the discovery in 1989 of two manuscripts containing chamber works at Kilravock Castle has doubled the number of his surviving compositions - notably with nine trio sonatas 32
and nine string quartets. Interest in him was recently revived by John Purser, among others, and a CD of his works has now been made. Bibliography: David Johnson,Music and Society in Eighteenth-Century Scotland (2nd edition, Edinburgh, 2003) 25. James Stewart, Lord Provost of Edinburgh 1765-67 http://www.edinburgh.org.uk/STREETS/part1/a.htm From the house of Sir James Stewart of Goodtrees, Lord Advocate of Scotland, 1692-1709 and 1711-13. Reek. Index: Sir James Stewart of Gutters, Queens Advocate. Prot. A. W. 2, 25/3/1704. It stood on the west side of the close, at the foot thereof, and was occupied later by Andrew Crosbie, the accepted original of Counsellor Pleydell in 'Guy Mannering'. 'Men of the Covenant' 144. Sir James returned from exile on the landing of the Prince of Orange, 1688; he was hated by the Jacobites, who attacked him in lampoons, and nicknamed him James Wylie. He inherited the house from his father, Sir James Stewart of Coltness, Provost of Edinburgh 1648-49, at the time of Cromwell's first visit to the city, and again 1658-59. It was rebuilt by the Lord Advocate soon after the Revolution. In 1769 his grandson, another Sir James, sold the house to David Dalrymple, Lord Westhall. The Rev. Hugh McKail, so miserably caricatured as Ephraim Macbriar in 'Old Mortality was at one time tutor in the family of Provost Sir James Stewart, and was almost caught by the hunters in the house at Goodtrees, now Moredun, but escaped for the time to Holland; 'Men of Covenant', 144. Edgar. Ainslie. Kirkwood. Kerr. The close was also known as Stewart's Close, Prot. W. F. 7, 25/4/1748. Sir James Stewart's Close, Prot. W.F. 7, 27/,5/1755, and Provost Stewart's Close, Prot.A. W. 3, 21/3/1711 , from the Lord Advocate his father. Its original name was Cant's Close, Prot. A. W. 3, 21/3/1711, from property of Henry Cant of Over Libbertoun, Prot. G.H. 12, 26/7/1737. It was one of the bewildering closes of this name. The Advocate's Close was formerly Home's Close, Reg. 17/11/1760. A tenement in Home's close, owned in succession by Adam Rae of Piteddie: Sir Wm. Dick of Brade: his creditors: Mr. John Mitchelson of Midleton: John Spotswood of that Ilk: Sir Jas. Stewart senior: Mr. Henry Barclay, looked into Home's Close on the east and Byres' Close on the west. Henry Home of Kaims, Senator of the College of Justice, possessed a house in the Advocate's Close. He died 1782, aged 87, living latterly in New Street, Canongate, Kay, i. 14, 323; P. W. 1773, 1780. http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/ss4tz/stewart13.htm James Stewart, 4th Earl of Moray (d 04.03.1653) m. (mcrt 18.10.1627) Margaret Home (dau of Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home) son: Archibald Stewart of Dunearn (bpt 28.02.1643, d 02.1688, 5th son) m. (1669) Anna Henderson (dau of Sir John Henderson of Fordel) (1) Charles Stewart of Dunearn (d 1732) m1. (1697) Christina Bennet (dau of Sir William Bennet, Bart of Grubbet) (A) Alexander Stewart of Dunearn (dsp 13.02.1786, captain) m. Christian Boterel m2. (24.08.1700) Jean Hamilton (dau of Sir Alexander Hamilton of Dalziel) (B) Archibald Stewart (dsp) (C) James Stewart of Dunearn, Provost of Edinburgh (d 1786) m1. Elizabeth Drummond (dau of Adam Drummond of Binnend, of Megginch family) 26. George Ramsay, 8th Earl of Dalhousie 1767-69 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ramsay%2C_8th_Earl_of_Dalhousie George Ramsay, 8th Earl of Dalhousie (d. 15 November 1787) was a grandson of William Ramsay, 6th Earl of Dalhousie. On 30 July 1767, he married Elizabeth Glen and they had five children: Lady Mary Ramsay Lady Elisabeth Ramsay George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie (1770–1838) [45th GM Scotland 1804-06; see below] William Maule, 1st Baron Panmure (1771–1852) John Ramsay (1775–1842) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brechin_Castle Brechin Castle is a castle located in Brechin, County Angus, Scotland. The castle is the seat of the Earl of Dalhousie who is clan chieftain of Clan Maule of Panmure in Angus and Clan Ramsay of Dalhousie in Midlothian. The original castle was constructed with stone during the 13th century. Most of the current building dates to the 17th century. After much reconstruction work completed by James Maule (4th Earl of Panmure 1658 - 1723) between approximately 1690 and 1709 33
Page 1 and 2: Grand Masters of Scotland http://ww
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Recollections of the War of 1812 by
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At 3 o'clock in the morning of the
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The extraordinary strength of Lord
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He was invested as a Knight, Order
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Castle Campbell from an 1850 engrav
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In politics he was a moderate Conse
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"No more the geese shall cackle on
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An interesting reference to Scott h
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Inauguration of the Scott Monument
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descended from the fifth son of Sir
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http://www.blae.net/douglas/william
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Dalhousie, driven by the conviction
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whether at school or at Oxford, sus
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http://clanleslietrust.org/ Leslie
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John Whyte Melville of Bennochy and
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Lady Sybil Mary St Clair-Erskine (1
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September 1888 at age 48. Walter He
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Mellerstain House http://en.wikiped
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Blairquhan Castle One of the finest
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http://www.time.com/time/magazine/a
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http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/bi
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late Mr. Dixon of Belleisle, and th
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Mr Gilmour who never married died,
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Archibald Campbell, 4th Baron Blyth
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90. Sir Iain Colquhoun of Luss, 7th
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to record and broadcast the event o
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November 1913 installed as M.W. Gra
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Select Bibliography O. S. Nock, Rai
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Ayton Castle Gatehouse In 1851 Will
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Bulgarian concert pianist, with who
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Since becoming clan chief in 1958,
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http://books.google.com/books?id=6-
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