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1,200 men included 300 men of Regiment von Riedesel, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel von Speth, in the center, supported by von Rhetz and Hesse-Hanau regiments. Marching about ¾ of a mile to the Barber Wheatfield foragers were sent out to harvest grain and the officers climbed up on top of building in an attempt to observe the Colonial line. General Gates, the American commander, is notified of the expedition and at around 12:00 PM a simultaneous flanking attack is made by Colonel Morgan and Colonel Poor and sweeps away Acland's British Grenadiers protecting Colonel von Speth's left flank, and hit Simon Fraser's right flank and rear. As the flanks crumble Benedict Arnold leads Colonel Learned's 2000 man brigade against von Speth's center that is able to hold Arnold at bay. Simon Fraser attempts to reestablish the right flank and is mortally wounded. The Brunswick center, now unprotected on both flanks withdraws to Balcarres Redoubt with the loss of its artillery. Colonel Poor attacks the Balcarres Redoubt and is repulsed with heavy losses but Arnold with Learned's brigade and Morgan's riflemen split the British line between the center and Breymann's Redoubt and are able to attack Breymann from behind and capture the redoubt. Colonel von Breymann is killed in this attack and the British right flank has completely collapsed. By 5:00 PM Burgoyne orders a general retreat of the entire Army to the Great Redoubt behind the Great Ravine. Burgoyne blames the defeat on the Brunswick Regiments and Riedesel blames the defeat on the British. In the dark of night Colonel von Speth and 50 Brunswick volunteers attempt to retake Breymann's Redoubt to salvage the honor of the Brunswick but are captured with all his men. A general retreat northward toward Saratoga and the Hudson is ordered on October 8th. In a heavy rain the Army slowly moves by roads that require the rebuilding of destroyed bridges and by bateaux against a strong current. The rearguard doesn't depart the Great Redoubt until 4:00 AM on October 9th and again destroys the bridges behind them to hinder the advancing Americans. At 5:00 AM Burgoyne halts the entire column for breakfast with less than 5 miles traveled and stalls further retreat for 10 hours in the hopes that the Americans would attack in the rain allowing cannon and bayonet to decide the day. It was after dark when the Brunswick Regiments acting as the advance crossed the Fishkill River at Saratoga. The British cross the next morning and Burgoyne decides to stay at Saratoga and digs in. On October 11, 1777 General Gates and the Americans, after some morning confusion, are able to surround Burgoyne's Army and are positioned upon the heights overlooking the British camp enabling artillery and rifle fire into it. Burgoyne, Riedesel, Hamilton and Phillips meet to discuss possible options for an attack or further retreat. After reconnaissance shows that no clear opening existed for further retreat and von Riedesel's pledge that the Brunswick regiments could cut a pathway for Burgoyne's Army is denied then all was indeed lost. http://www.thehistorynet.com/ah/blbenedictarnold/index2.html With Arnold apparently out of the picture, Lincoln finally convinced Gates that more men were indeed needed. Poor's brigade would storm the British left while Morgan flanked Burgoyne. When these two pincers squeezed the trapped enemy, Learned's brigade would be sent in to overrun the center. Morgan's 300 riflemen quickly closed in on Fraser's position while Poor's 800 veteran New Hampshire Continentals crept through the woods toward the British left. Just after 3:00 p.m., Acland's men opened fire from the crest of a hill on Poor's approaching troops. The British were about to mount a bayonet charge when the Americans raced up the hill in a frenzy, swarming over the stunned grenadiers and wounding Acland in both legs. With exquisite timing, Morgan's men smashed through the outnumbered infantry of Major Alexander Lindsay, Earl of Balcarres, on Fraser's far right. Then Dearborn's light infantry suddenly appeared behind the wavering British, scattering them in all directions. 34. David Stewart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan 1782-84 [son of 10th GM of Scotland] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Erskine%2C_11th_Earl_of_Buchan David Stewart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan (1742–1829) was a notable Scottish eccentric. He was a son of the 10th Earl and a brother of Henry Erskine and Thomas, Lord Erskine. He studied at St. Andrews University and Edinburgh University. His pertinacity helped in effecting a change in the method of electing Scottish representative peers, and in 1780 he succeeded in founding the Scottish Society of Antiquaries. His correspondents included Horace Walpole, and he produced an Essay on the Lives of Fletcher of Saltoun and the Poet Thomson (1792) and other writings. He died at his residence at Dryburgh (near Dryburgh Abbey, in the Scottish Borders) in April 1829, leaving no legitimate children, and the earldom passed to his nephew Henry. He also commissioned a cable-stayed bridge over the River Tweed at Dryburgh. He opened this bridge on August 1, 1817 but it collapsed within months. A replacement was built after a redesign, but this too collapsed in 1838. A more permament bridge did not arrive until 1872, when the suspension system was used instead. http://www.thepeerage.com/p3019.htm#i30188 David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan was born on 1 June 1742. He was the son of Henry David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan and Agnes Steuart. He married Margaret Fraser, daughter of William Fraser, on 15 October 1771 in Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He died on 19 April 1829 at age 86 in Dryburgh Abbey, Scotland, without legitimate issue. He was buried in Dryburgh Abbey. David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan was educated in Foulis Academy, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland. He graduated from University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1763 with a Doctor of Law (LL.D.). He was educated in Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. He was invested as a Fellow, Royal Society (F.R.S.) in 1765. He was invested as a Fellow, Society of Antiquaries (F.S.A.) in 1766. He was Secretary of the British Embassy between 1766 and 1767 in Madrid, Spain. He succeeded to the title of 6th Lord Cardross [S., 1610] on 1 December 1767. He succeeded to the title of 11th Earl of Buchan [S., 1469] on 1 December 1767. He succeeded to the title of 11th Lord Auchterhouse [S., 1469] on 1 December 1767. He was a founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Sir Walter Scott wrote that he was "a person whose immense vanity, bordering upon insaity, obscured or rather eclipsed very considerable talents.” Family 1 48
Child Sir David Erskine Family 2 Margaret Fraser d. 12 May 1819 -------------- 1782-83 Note: http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/the_builder_1926_september.htm Brother William Charles Little, eleventh Laird of Liberton, Advocate, was Substitute Grand Master of Scotland, 1782-83. He was Depute Master of Lodge St. David during the years 1784-85-86. In 1787-88-89 he was R. W. Master of the Roman Eagle Lodge, Edinburgh, No. 160, and in 1791 R. W. Master of Lodge Edinburgh St. Andrews, No. 48. His great-great-grandson, Bro. Brigadier General Robert Gordon Gilmore of Liberton and Craigmiller, C.B., C.V.O., D.S.O., is a Past Grand Master Mason of Scotland [see below], Grand Standard-Bearer in the Supreme Council 33rd Degree, and Past Grand Sword-Bearer in the Grand Lodge of the Royal Order of Scotland. 35. George Gordon, Lord Haddo 1784-86 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gordon%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Aberdeen Sir George Gordon, 3rd Earl of Aberdeen [and Lord Haddo] (19 June 1722 – 13 August 1801) was the son of William Gordon, 2nd Earl of Aberdeen, who married Lady Mary Melville, daughter of Alexander Melviller, 5th Earl of Leven, 6th GM of Scotland 1741- 42 [see above]. In 1759, he married Catherine Elizabeth Hanson and they had one child: • George Gordon, Lord Haddo (1764–1791) Haddo House http://www.thepeerage.com/p2471.htm#i24708 George Gordon, Lord Haddo was born on 28 January 1764. 1 He was the son of Sir George Gordon, 3rd Earl of Aberdeen and Catherine Elizabeth Hanson. 1 He married Charlotte Baird, daughter of William Baird and Alicia Johnston, on 18 June 1782 in Gilmerton, Scotland. 1 He died on 2 October 1791 at age 27 in Formartine House, from a fall from his horse. 1 He was buried in Methlick, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. 1 George Gordon, Lord Haddo was styled as Lord Haddo. 1 He held the office of Grand Master of the Freemasons between 1784 and 1786. 2 Family Charlotte Baird b. before 1765, d. 8 October 1795 1. Child Sir George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen+ b. 28 Jan 1784, d. 14 Dec 1860 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gordon,_Lord_Haddo George Gordon, Lord Haddo (28 January 1764–2 October 1791) was a Scottish Freemason and the eldest son of the George Gordon, 3rd Earl of Aberdeen. On 18 June 1782, Haddo married Charlotte Baird, a sister of Sir David Baird, Bt. and they had seven children: Hon. George Hamilton Hamilton (1784-1869), later 4th Earl of Aberdeen. Hon. George Hamilton (1784-1858), politician and Vice-Admiral. Hon. Alexander (1786-1815), soldier, killed at Waterloo. Hon. Alice (1787-1847), granted the rank of an earl's daughter in 1813, Lady-in-Waiting to Princess Sophia of Gloucester, died unmarried. Hon. Charles (1790-1835), soldier. Hon. Robert (1791-1847), diplomat. Hon. John (1792-1869), admiral. Haddo was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland from 1784-86. He predeceased his father in 1791 and on the latter's death in 1801, the earldom passed to Haddo's eldest son, George. http://altreligion.about.com/library/texts/bl_illustrations75.htm From Preston’s “Illustrations of Masonry” On the 1st of August 1785, a very pleasing sight was exhibited to every well-wisher to the embellishment of that city, in the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the South Bridge, being the first step to farther improvement. In the morning of that day, 49
Page 1 and 2: Grand Masters of Scotland http://ww
Page 3 and 4: Initiated: May 18, 1736 Passed: Jun
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"No more the geese shall cackle on
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An interesting reference to Scott h
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Inauguration of the Scott Monument
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descended from the fifth son of Sir
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http://www.blae.net/douglas/william
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Before the arrival of the Dunmores
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Dalhousie, driven by the conviction
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whether at school or at Oxford, sus
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Dalhousie was in wretched health an
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http://clanleslietrust.org/ Leslie
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John Whyte Melville of Bennochy and
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Lady Sybil Mary St Clair-Erskine (1
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September 1888 at age 48. Walter He
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Mellerstain House http://en.wikiped
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Blairquhan Castle One of the finest
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http://www.time.com/time/magazine/a
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http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/bi
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late Mr. Dixon of Belleisle, and th
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Mr Gilmour who never married died,
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http://www.metmuseum.org/Works_Of_A
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Archibald Campbell, 4th Baron Blyth
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90. Sir Iain Colquhoun of Luss, 7th
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to record and broadcast the event o
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November 1913 installed as M.W. Gra
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Select Bibliography O. S. Nock, Rai
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Ayton Castle Gatehouse In 1851 Will
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Bulgarian concert pianist, with who
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Since becoming clan chief in 1958,
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http://books.google.com/books?id=6-
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