Sex, Gender, Becoming - PULP

More documents

Recommendations

Info

114 Kammila Naidoo explore complex behaviours in diverse social and economic microsettings despite the analytical benefits of such undertakings. The demographic enterprise is currently giving rise to concerted efforts to develop more unifying and universalistic explanations for fertility decline, 66 at the same time as anthropological demographers are reiterating the necessity to recognise the cultural embeddedness and specificity of fertility behaviour in different socio-economic contexts. 67 It could be argued that within the African, or developing countries context, a lot more exploration of local realities and the way they impact on ‘decisions’ and ‘choices’ is required before more universalistic explanations can be sought. With respect to the Winterveld case study, I would like to argue that the issues of domestic violence and economic insecurity combine to make Lesthaeghe’s hypothesis of a crisis-led or hardship-driven fertility transition particularly relevant. At its most basic level, it relies on ‘frustrated aspirations’ because of expectations of changes in economic circumstances but continuing experience of ‘rising costs of childrearing, reduced prospective utility of educated children, and declining opportunities for adults in general’. 68 Women in Winterveld, who have lived with uncertainties and insecurities in the past, continue to live with deep disappointment in the state and local structures as few social and economic changes are witnessed in the present. Inability to find independent work leads to attempts to elicit support from familial and other social networks. Lesthaeghe 69 argues that ‘it is not at all clear whether the added strain leads to tighter solidarity and mutual sacrifice or to harder bargaining’. Mutual sacrifice and harder bargaining co-exist in Winterveld. Increasingly, though, the space for bargaining is declining as families and networks resist child-rearing responsibilities and familial obligations. ‘Greater dependency of children on female incomes’, which Lesthaeghe 70 cites as an important factor intensifying a sense of crisis, is becoming the norm in Winterveld. It is not being argued that fertility decline in South Africa is largely a consequence of a struggle against poverty and hardship. Of course, different factors, some associated with ‘economic improvement’, might be operating at different levels (and in different contexts) to shape the general picture of lowered fertility. However, central to a more qualitative study of reproduction and to an understanding of what these different factors are, would be the need to broaden 66 J Caldwell ‘The global fertility transition: The need for a unifying theory’ (1997) 67 23 Population and development review 803. DI Kertzer & T Fricke Anthropological demography. Toward a new synthesis (1997). 68 RJ Lesthaeghe in Lesthaeghe (n 8 above) 477-478. 69 RJ Lesthaeghe 478. 70 As above.
Agency amidst adversity: poverty and women’s reproductive lives 115 perspectives on the conditions of women’s lives and the way these conditions lead to the adoption of particular survival strategies and shifting of practices. Demographic studies do not usually integrate notions of women’s agency into analyses of fertility. 71 Paying close attention to gendered actions, and the social constraints shaping them, would be essential in developing more complex and gendersensitive accounts of changing reproductive dynamics. 71 JM Abwunza Women’s voices, women’s power. Dialogues of resistance from East Africa (1997).
Page 1 and 2:
Sex, Gender, Becoming Post Aparthei
Page 3 and 4:
Contents Acknowledgments V Introduc
Page 5:
Acknowledgments This book is an ini
Page 8 and 9:
viii kARIN VAN MARLE Spaces of refu
Page 10 and 11:
x kARIN VAN MARLE Following Arendt
Page 12 and 13:
xii kARIN VAN MARLE the feminine as
Page 14 and 15:
xiv kARIN VAN MARLE was seen in the
Page 16 and 17:
2 Amanda du Preez Transsexuality re
Page 18 and 19:
4 Amanda du Preez It should be note
Page 20 and 21:
6 Amanda du Preez of transsexuality
Page 22 and 23:
8 Amanda du Preez categories almost
Page 24 and 25:
10 Amanda du Preez Another limitati
Page 26 and 27:
12 Amanda du Preez presented must a
Page 28 and 29:
14 Amanda du Preez transsexuality f
Page 30 and 31:
16 Amanda du Preez If there is any
Page 32 and 33:
18 Amanda du Preez words, to the de
Page 34 and 35:
20 Rory du Plessis repeating, in th
Page 36 and 37:
22 Rory du Plessis Artist: Steven C
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
28 Rory du Plessis Sedgwick 36 furt
Page 44 and 45:
30 Rory du Plessis Munoz’ stateme
Page 46 and 47:
32 Rory du Plessis poses also such
Page 48 and 49:
34 Rory du Plessis social necessity
Page 50 and 51:
36 Rory du Plessis system of fixed,
Page 52 and 53:
38 Rory du Plessis into the audienc
Page 54 and 55:
40 Rory du Plessis to constantly re
Page 56 and 57:
42 stella viljoen Figure 1: GQ Cove
Page 58 and 59:
44 stella viljoen to be more overtl
Page 60 and 61:
46 stella viljoen Figure 2: E Manet
Page 62 and 63:
48 stella viljoen Figure 3: Man’s
Page 64 and 65:
50 stella viljoen ‘great’ art i
Page 66 and 67:
52 stella viljoen Figure 4: GQ Cale
Page 68 and 69:
54 stella viljoen Figure 5: GQ Cale
Page 70 and 71:
56 stella viljoen Figure 6: Man Ray
Page 72 and 73:
58 stella viljoen Figure 7: She’s
Page 74 and 75:
60 stella viljoen there is still a
Page 76 and 77:
62 Jeanne van Eeden to offer a new
Page 78 and 79: 64 Jeanne van Eeden The investigati
Page 80 and 81: 66 Jeanne van Eeden and its dominan
Page 82 and 83: 68 Jeanne van Eeden way to a sedent
Page 84 and 85: 70 Jeanne van Eeden feminine, while
Page 86 and 87: 72 Jeanne van Eeden space of the de
Page 88 and 89: 74 Jeanne van Eeden Figure 1: Adver
Page 100 and 101: 86 Jeanne van Eeden department stor
Page 102 and 103: 88 Jeanne van Eeden the domestic sp
Page 104 and 105: 90 Jeanne van Eeden The gendered se
Page 107 and 108: Five / Agency amidst adversity: Pov
Page 109 and 110: Agency amidst adversity: poverty an
Page 127: Agency amidst adversity: poverty an
Page 132 and 133: 118 Christo Venter, Mac Mashiri, De
Page 156 and 157: 142 Jean Triegaardt and Mike Batley
Page 167 and 168: Eight / tini’s testimony: the sig
Page 169 and 170: tini’s testimony 155 Stech had be
Page 171 and 172: tini’s testimony 157 how they end
Page 173 and 174: tini’s testimony 159 consequences
Page 175 and 176: tini’s testimony 161 year, almost
Page 177 and 178: tini’s testimony 163 to keep up t
Page 179 and 180:
tini’s testimony 165 Alan Kirkald
Page 181 and 182:
tini’s testimony 167 the girdle,
Page 183 and 184:
sources Archival sources Berliner M
Page 185 and 186:
sources 171 Batley, M ‘Restorativ
Page 187 and 188:
sources 173 Buck-Morss, S (ed) (198
Page 189 and 190:
sources 175 Crang, M (1998) Cultura
Page 191 and 192:
sources 177 Emmison, M & Smith, P (
Page 193 and 194:
sources 179 Poverty (HABITAT): “G
Page 195 and 196:
sources 181 Kleeblatt, NL ‘The bo
Page 197 and 198:
sources 183 Conference on Justice w
Page 199 and 200:
sources 185 Overholt, C; Anderson,
Page 201 and 202:
sources 187 Senft, TM ‘Introducti
Page 203 and 204:
sources 189 Ushedo, BO ‘Unloading
Page 205 and 206:
contributors Batley, Restorative Ju
Page 207 and 208:
Index A access to employment 117 ac
Page 209 and 210:
Index 195 E economic insecurity 93,
Page 211 and 212:
Index 197 I identity 2, 3, 9, 15, 1
Page 213 and 214:
Index 199 O objectification 41, 43,
Page 215 and 216:
Index 201 South Africa 17, 19, 25,
Page 217:
Index 203 120, 121, 122, 123, 124,
show all

Sex, Gender, Becoming - PULP

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?