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John M. S. Bartlett.pdf - Bio-Nica.info

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268 Case-Green, Pritchard, and Southern<br />

10. Instead of performing the assays in two steps, a hybridization followed by a ligation<br />

or polymerization, an all-in-one reaction can be used. There are several advantages to<br />

conducting all-in-one reactions, such as the saving time and effort and the potential to<br />

cycle the temperature allowing the target DNA to be used as a template for more than one<br />

ligation or polymerization. Conducting all-in-one reactions puts additional constraints on<br />

the conditions because the majority of enzymes work in only a small range of temperatures<br />

and salt concentrations. The target single-stranded DNA generally needs to be purified.<br />

11. The methods described use Thermus Thermophilus DNA ligase for ligation reactions<br />

and Sequenase in extension reactions. Other enzyme types can also be used and have<br />

advantages if particular temperatures are required, particularly in all in one reactions.<br />

Therefore, for example, Taq and Thermosequenase have all been used successfully.<br />

12. The extension method described adds a dideoxynucleotidetriphosphate (ddNTP). For most<br />

applications, appropriate deoxynucleotidetriphosphate (dNTP) can be used.<br />

References<br />

1. Case-Green, S. C., Mir, K. U., Pritchard, C. E., and Southern, E. M. (1998) Analysing<br />

genetic <strong>info</strong>rmation with DNA arrays. Curr. Opin. Chem. <strong>Bio</strong>l. 2, 404– 410.<br />

2. Schena, M., Shalon, D., Davis, R. W., and Brown, P. O. (1995) Quantitative monitoring of<br />

gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270, 467– 470.<br />

3. Wodicka, L., Dong, H., Mittmann, M., Ho, M. H., and Lockhart, D. J. (1997) Genome-wide<br />

expression monitoring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat. <strong>Bio</strong>technol. 15, 1359–1367.<br />

4. Milner, N. M., Mir, K. U., and Southern, E. M. (1997) Selecting effective antisense reagents<br />

on combinatorial oligonucleotide arrays. Nat. <strong>Bio</strong>technol. 15, 537–541.<br />

5. Brown, T. and Brown, D. J. S. (1991) Modern machine-aided methods of oligodeoxyribonucleotide<br />

synthesis. In Oligonucleotides and Analogues: A Practical Approach (Eckstein,<br />

R., ed.), IRL Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 1.<br />

6. Southern, E. M., Case-Green, S. C., Elder, J. K., <strong>John</strong>son, M., Mir, K. U., Wang, L., et al.<br />

(1994) Arrays of complementary oligonucleotides for analysing the hybridisation behaviour<br />

of nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 1368–1373.<br />

7. Matson, R. S., Rampal, J., Pentoney, S. L., Anderson, P. D., and Coassin, P. (1995)<br />

<strong>Bio</strong>polymer synthesis on polypropylene supports: Oligonucleotide arrays. Anal. <strong>Bio</strong>chem.<br />

224, 110–116.<br />

8. Maskos, U. and Southern, E. M. (1993) A novel method for the parallel analysis of multiple<br />

mutations in multiple samples. Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 2269–2270.<br />

9. Matson, R. S., Rampal, B., and Coassin, P. J. (1994) <strong>Bio</strong>polymer synthesis on polypropylene<br />

supports. Anal. <strong>Bio</strong>chem. 217, 306–310.<br />

10. Polymeropoulos, M. H., Rath, D. S., Xiao, H., and Merril, C. R. (1991) Tetranucleotide<br />

repeat polymorphism at the human c-fes/fps proto-oncogene (FES). Nucleic Acids Res.<br />

19, 4018.<br />

11. Nikiforov, T. T., Rendle, R. B., Goelet, P., Rogers, Y.-H., Kotewics, M. L., Anderson,<br />

S., et al. (1994) Genetic bit analysis: a solid phase method for typing single nucleotide<br />

polymorphisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4167–4175.<br />

12. Zon, G. and Stec, W. J. (1991) In Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. In Oligonucleotides<br />

and Analogues: A Practical Approach (Eckstein, F., ed.), IRL Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 87.<br />

13. Maskos, U. and Southern, E. M. (1993) A novel method for the analysis of multiple<br />

sequence variants by hybridisation to oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 2267–2268.<br />

14. Kozal, M. J., Shah, N., Shen, N., Yang, R., Fucini, R., Merigan, T., et al. (1996) Extensive<br />

polymorphisms observed in HIV-1 clade B protease gene using high-density oligonucleotide<br />

arrays. Nat. Med. 2, 753–759.

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