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John M. S. Bartlett.pdf - Bio-Nica.info

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372 Shen et al.<br />

extended primers, which are the specific primers in the primer mix, would be allowed<br />

during the termination/elongation because of the elevated temperature. If more template<br />

DNA is available, fewer cycles may be used.<br />

7. Depending on the length of labeled primers, the readable sequence will vary. For our<br />

case of highly degenerate inosine-containing primers of p450 genes (see Subheading 1.<br />

for a description of our p450 primers) a ladder from 25 bp downstream of the primer<br />

was readable up to 300 bp.<br />

8. A similar protocol of this method would be to omit one of the four dNTPs in the label step<br />

and use at least one α- 35 S-labeled dNTP in the labeling mix. This will give an incomplete<br />

elongation of the sequencing primer during the labeling step because the primer extension<br />

will stop at the proper position when the omitted nucleotide is not present. The elongated<br />

primers may be labeled if the labeled nucleotide is by chance present between the sequence<br />

primer and the omitted nucleotide. This method is useful to sequence DNA when some<br />

sequence <strong>info</strong>rmation immediately downstream from the sequencing primer is available. In<br />

such a case, one can decide which nucleotide to omit or to label in the label mix.<br />

References<br />

1. Shen, Z., Liu, J., Wells, R. L., and Elkind, M. M. (1993) Cycle sequencing using degenerate<br />

primers containing inosines. <strong>Bio</strong>Techniques 15, 82–89.<br />

2. Shen, Z., Wells, R. L., Liu, J., and Elkind, M. M. (1993) Identification of a cytochrome<br />

p450 gene by reverse transcription-PCR using degenerate primes containing inosines. Proc.<br />

Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11,483–11,487.<br />

3. Shen, Z., Liu, J., Wells, R. L., and Elkind, M. M. (1994) cDNA cloning, sequence analysis,<br />

and induction by aryl hydrocarbons of a murine cytochrome p450 gene, Cyplbl. DNA<br />

Cell <strong>Bio</strong>l. 13, 763–769.<br />

4. Shen, Z., Denison, K., Lobb, R., Gatewood, J., and Chen, D. J. (1995) The human and<br />

mouse homologs of yeast RAD52 genes: cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, assignment<br />

to human chromosome 12pl2.2-pl3, and mRNA expression in mouse tissues. Genomics<br />

25, 199–206.<br />

5. Compton, T. (1990) Degenerate primers for DNA amplification, in PCR Protocol, a Guide<br />

to Methods and Applications (Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J., and White, T. J.,<br />

eds.), Academic, San Diego, CA, pp. 39–45.<br />

6. Lee, C. C. and Caskey, C. T. (1990) cDNA cloning using degenerate primers, in PCR<br />

Protocol, a Guide to Methods and Applications (Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J.,<br />

and White, T. J., eds.), Academic, San Diego, CA, pp. 46–59.<br />

7. Knoth, K. S., Roberds, S., Poteet, C., and Tamkun, M. (1988) Highly degenerate inosinecontaining<br />

primers specifically amplify rare cDNA using the polymerase chain reaction.<br />

Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 10932.<br />

8. Erlich, H. A., Gelfand, D., and Sninsky, J. J. (l99l) Recent advances in the polymerase<br />

chain reaction. Sciences 252, 1643–1651.<br />

9. Murray, V. (1989) Improved double strand DNA sequencing using the linear polymerase<br />

chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 8889.<br />

10. Smith, D. P., Jonstone, E. M., Little, S. P., and Hsiung, H. M. (1990) Direct DNA sequencing<br />

of cDNA inserts from plaques using the linear polymerase chain reaction. <strong>Bio</strong>techniques<br />

9, 48–52.

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