MAPP Handbook - The National Association of County and City ...

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The Importance of Community Participation Creating healthy communities and strong local public health systems requires a high level of mutual understanding and collaboration. To accomplish this, communities must find ways of working together that create stronger connections throughout the community and provide access to the collective wisdom necessary to address community concerns. Successful community-driven processes offer: • Inclusiveness — All of the stakeholders must be genuinely included throughout the process. • Comprehensiveness — Every aspect of the issue must be addressed. Many initiatives fail due to approaches that are too shallow or narrow. • Local Ownership — Linking expertise and “common knowledge” leads to sustainable policies and ensures that each participant has a genuine sense of ownership and responsibility. To develop a truly community-driven initiative, genuine community involvement is required at every stage of the process. Technical expertise is not adequate for creating healthy communities and strong public health systems. Technical knowledge does not address the essential questions of what values and vision to pursue and what issues are important for community health. For that, the wisdom that can only be generated through community dialogue is needed. The following are just a few of the benefits of community engagement in MAPP: • Connecting and communicating with community members creates a truly community-driven process. • Ongoing community resident commitment and participation builds ownership in the process and its outcomes. • Community engagement and empowerment through the MAPP process may benefit community involvement in other community initiatives. • Community-driven processes lead to collective thinking and ultimately may produce more innovative, effective, and sustainable solutions to complex problems. • Community residents and subpopulations may gain a better awareness of themselves, the area in which they live, and their own potential for improving their quality of life. 110
TIP SHEET 5 Facilitation within the MAPP Process Facilitation is an important component of many of the MAPP phases. The facilitator moderates discussions during the visioning sessions, as well as at the town hall meetings, focus group sessions, and other activities outlined in the Community Themes and Strengths Assessment. The facilitator also moderates discussions regarding the results of the data analysis during the Community Health Status Assessment and encourages the free expression of ideas during brainstorming activities in the Forces of Change Assessment. Tip Sheet 5: FACILITATION WITHIN THE MAPP PROCESS Facilitators must be effective at drawing participants out, involving everyone in the discussions, and helping the group to reach consensus. Given the importance of such an individual, how does a MAPP committee identify this person? Several types of individuals can be tapped to play the role of the facilitator. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of facilitators are outlined below, along with some criteria for selecting an effective facilitator. What to Consider in Selecting a Facilitator Selecting the right facilitator is an important leadership function of the committee overseeing the MAPP process. In identifying and selecting a good facilitator, the MAPP committee should consider the questions below. The community’s resources will also have an impact, as many communities may not have the resources to retain a consultant to serve as facilitator. In such cases, individuals from neutral organizations within the community or volunteers from neighboring communities could fill this important role. Questions to consider in identifying a facilitator: 1. Perceived Neutrality and/or Fairness • Is this person perceived as being neutral? • Are there any individuals, organizations, or population groups that may feel uncomfortable with this person acting as facilitator? 2. Skill level in Facilitation and Managing Large Group Processes • Is this person effective at managing large group processes? • Is he/she able to ensure that all participants have a chance to speak? • Is he/she effective at keeping individuals from dominating the discussion and protecting participants from personal attacks? • Can he/she get the group to acknowledge and deal effectively with conflict? 3. Understanding of the MAPP Process • Does he/she understand and agree with the purposes of the MAPP process? The facilitator needs to be an effective advocate for MAPP as well as being capable of moving the process forward. • Will he/she organize—or suggest strategies for organizing—information that is generated from sessions? TIP SHEET 5 111
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Healthier
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A chieving Healthier Communities th
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The 10 Essential Public Health Serv
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MAPP IN A NUTSHELL MAPP includes tw
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How Do the MAPP Components Relate?
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Phase 1: ORGANIZE FOR SUCCESS / PAR
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• What broad, cross-sectorial par
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Step 4 — Assess resource needs an
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Readiness Assessment Worksheet Crit
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Organizing the Planning Effort: Bar
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Organizing the Planning Effort: Str
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MAPP Phase / Description of Activit
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Phase 2: VISIONING T The second pha
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Step 3 — Conduct the visioning pr
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Step 5 — Keep the vision and valu
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Vision Brainstorming and Developmen
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Phase 3: THE FOUR MAPP ASSESSMENTS
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THE COMMUNITY THEMES AND STRENGTHS
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T ips from the field: • Stay with
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Community Themes and Strengths Asse
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Information Gathering Mechanisms fo
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The LPHSA uses the local public hea
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Step 2 — Discuss the 10 Essential
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User Notes: Step 5 — Summarize ke
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Additional tips for conducting the
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Question 2: How can we structure th
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Identifying Priorities Importance (
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Example Briefing Sheet for One of t
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COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS ASSESSMENT
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• Identify volunteers to track do
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Page 90 and 91: Phase 6: THE ACTION CYCLE T he Acti
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Page 98 and 99: Tip Sheet Description of Terms Used
Page 100 and 101: SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT MAPP... Benefit
Page 102 and 103: TIP SHEET 1 Matrix of Organized Par
Page 104 and 105: MAPP Phase Local Public Health Syst
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Page 108 and 109: TIP SHEET 3 Guidance for Participan
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Page 118 and 119: TIP SHEET 7 Conducting a Community
Page 120 and 121: TIP SHEET 8 Quality of Life Questio
Page 122 and 123: TIP SHEET 9 Example Community Healt
Page 124 and 125: TIP SHEET 10 Presenting Data The MA
Page 126 and 127: TIP SHEET 11 TECHNIQUES FOR BRAINST
Page 128 and 129: Vignettes from MAPP Users
Page 130 and 131: was a partnership process with cons
Page 132 and 133: should be and again public health c
Page 134 and 135: VIGNETTE San Antonio,TX 2001-2004 O
Page 136 and 137: Community Vision: A safe, healthy a
Page 138 and 139: Forces of Change Assessment: During
Page 140 and 141: Both the November and December meet
Page 142: 140 User Notes:
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