MAPP Handbook - The National Association of County and City ...

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Information Gathering Mechanisms for Use in Engaging the Community and Gathering Feedback (continued from page 39) Approach Description Advantages Disadvantages / Barriers Other Considerations Photovoice See “Clarkston Vignette – Photovoice” on the MAPP Web site for a description. A small group of people (8-10) walks through the community taking pictures of things that strike them. A collective presentation or book is produced with text describing issues and opportunities • Particularly attractive to youth. • Builds teamwork within group. • Presentations engage larger group. • A picture is worth a thousand words. • Requires open mind to identify assets and issues. • Some important assets can’t be photographed. Easily done but takes strong mentoring if youth are involved. Good supplement to other mechanisms. Individual Discussions and Interviews Individual discussions — through informal discussions or formal interviews — can gather in-depth feedback from representative community members. Can be done with key community leaders or residents representing specific subpopulations.multiple groups. • Can build awareness of MAPP process. • Gathers in-depth input and feedback in an open setting. • Easy to implement. • Only a small number of people can realistically participate. • May put undue emphasis on “pet” issues of interviewees. Fairly easy to conduct, but this should not be the only mechanism used for information-gathering. Good supplement to other mechanisms. Surveys See “Example Community Survey” (page X). Can include written, telephone, or in-person surveys. A traditional approach to gathering community input. • Useful for reaching large numbers of people. • Can scope out issues raised in other areas of the process or can gather open-ended responses. • Not interactive. • No in-depth feedback on issues. • May not elicit thoughts on a subject of importance if not included in survey. • Respondent bias – hardto-reach populations often don’t respond. Should not be the only informationgathering mechanism – surveys should be supplemented with one or more of the interactive 40
LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ASSESSMENT The Local Public Health System Assessment (LPHSA) answers the questions: Phase 3: LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ASSESSMENT “What are the components, activities, competencies, and capacities of our local public health system?” “How are the 10 Essential Public Health Services being provided to our community?” The dialogue that occurs in answering these questions will identify strengths and weaknesses; this information can be used to improve and better coordinate public health activities. In addition, there is a strong educational component to LPHSA, as those organizations that participate in this process learn about their role within the public health system. It is worth considering how this might influence the order in which the assessments are done. If this assessment is done first, be sure to provide ample time to participants to fully understand their role within the local public health system. If this assessment is done later in the process, consider how information gleaned from the other assessments may help inform discussions during this assessment and help participants to better understand their role within the public health system and how that is differentiated from the role of the local public health agency. The LPHSA focuses on the “local public health system” defined as all entities that contribute to the delivery of public health services within a community. This system includes all public, private, and voluntary entities, as well as individuals and informal associations. The LPHSA uses the 10 Essential Public Health Services as the fundamental framework for assessing the local public health system. The 10 Essential Public Health Services list the 10 public health activities that should be provided in all communities. The 10 Essential Public Health Services are: 1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems. 2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. 3. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. 4. Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems. 5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. 6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. 7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable. 8. Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce. 9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. 10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. * *Public Health Functions Steering Committee. Public Health In America. July 1994. Phase 3: LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ASSESSMENT 41
Page 1 and 2: Healthier
Page 4 and 5: A chieving Healthier Communities th
Page 6 and 7: The 10 Essential Public Health Serv
Page 8 and 9: MAPP IN A NUTSHELL MAPP includes tw
Page 10 and 11: How Do the MAPP Components Relate?
Page 12 and 13: Phase 1: ORGANIZE FOR SUCCESS / PAR
Page 14 and 15: • What broad, cross-sectorial par
Page 16 and 17: Step 4 — Assess resource needs an
Page 18 and 19: Readiness Assessment Worksheet Crit
Page 20 and 21: Organizing the Planning Effort: Bar
Page 22 and 23: Organizing the Planning Effort: Str
Page 24 and 25: MAPP Phase / Description of Activit
Page 26 and 27: Phase 2: VISIONING T The second pha
Page 28 and 29: Step 3 — Conduct the visioning pr
Page 30 and 31: Step 5 — Keep the vision and valu
Page 32 and 33: Vision Brainstorming and Developmen
Page 34 and 35: Phase 3: THE FOUR MAPP ASSESSMENTS
Page 36 and 37: THE COMMUNITY THEMES AND STRENGTHS
Page 38 and 39: T ips from the field: • Stay with
Page 40 and 41: Community Themes and Strengths Asse
Page 44 and 45: The LPHSA uses the local public hea
Page 46 and 47: Step 2 — Discuss the 10 Essential
Page 48 and 49: User Notes: Step 5 — Summarize ke
Page 50 and 51: Additional tips for conducting the
Page 52 and 53: Question 2: How can we structure th
Page 54 and 55: Identifying Priorities Importance (
Page 56 and 57: Example Briefing Sheet for One of t
Page 58 and 59: COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS ASSESSMENT
Page 60 and 61: • Identify volunteers to track do
Page 62 and 63: Finally, the community health profi
Page 64 and 65: Step 7 — Summarize key findings E
Page 66 and 67: Other Data Considerations The follo
Page 68 and 69: It is strongly recommended that eve
Page 70 and 71: Step 4 — Summarize key findings T
Page 72 and 73: Forces of Change Brainstorming Work
Page 74 and 75: Phase 4: IDENTIFY STRATEGIC ISSUES
Page 76 and 77: Step 3 — Develop an understanding
Page 78 and 79: Step 6 — Arrange issues into an o
Page 80 and 81: Strategic Issues Identification Wor
Page 82 and 83: Phase 5: FORMULATE GOALS AND STRATE
Page 84 and 85: User Notes: Step 3 — Consider bar
Page 86 and 87: Step 5 — Select and adopt strateg
Page 88 and 89: Strategy Development Worksheet 1. B
Page 90 and 91: Phase 6: THE ACTION CYCLE T he Acti
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Step 2 — Develop objectives and e
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Step 5 — Implement and monitor ac
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Step 7 — Focus the evaluation des
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Tip Sheet Description of Terms Used
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SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT MAPP... Benefit
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TIP SHEET 1 Matrix of Organized Par
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MAPP Phase Local Public Health Syst
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TIP SHEET 3 Guidance for Participan
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Criminal justice: In many communiti
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The Importance of Community Partici
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Finding a Good Facilitator Facilita
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TIP SHEET 7 Conducting a Community
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TIP SHEET 8 Quality of Life Questio
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TIP SHEET 9 Example Community Healt
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TIP SHEET 10 Presenting Data The MA
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TIP SHEET 11 TECHNIQUES FOR BRAINST
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Vignettes from MAPP Users
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was a partnership process with cons
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should be and again public health c
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VIGNETTE San Antonio,TX 2001-2004 O
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Community Vision: A safe, healthy a
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Forces of Change Assessment: During
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Both the November and December meet
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140 User Notes:
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