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Table A.5 GDP structure of production, selected years, 1965-82 (percent of GDP) 1965 1973 1980 1981 1982 Agri- Agri- Agri- Agri- Agn- Country group culture Industry culture Industry culture Industry culture Industry culture Industry Developing countries 31 29 26 33 20 38 19 37 19 36 Low-income countries 44 27 42 31 36 36 36 34 36 34 Asia 44 28 42 32 35 38 35 36 36 35 India 47 22 50 20 37 25 35 26 33 26 China 43 36 37 41 33 48 35 46 37 45 Africa 47 15 42 19 41 18 41 17 41 17 Middle-income countries 22 31 17 35 14 39 14 38 14 37 Oil exporters 22 26 i8 33 14 42 13 40 14 40 Oil importers 21 33 17 35 14 37 14 36 13 36 Major exporters of manufactures 20 35 15 37 12 39 12 38 12 38 High-income oil exporters 5 65 2 72 1 77 1 76 1 74 Industrial market economies 5 40 5 39 4 38 3 37 3 36 <strong>World</strong>, excluding nonmarket industrial economies 10 38 9 38 7 39 7 38 7 37 Table A.6 Sector growth rates, 1965-82 Agriculture Industry Service Country group 1965-73 1973-80 1980-82 1965-73 1973-80 1980-82 1965-73 1973-80 1980-82 Developing countries 3.4 2.0 3.2 7.9 6.5 0.7 7.7 6.4 4.0 Low-income countries 3.5 1.3 4.2 7.0 8.1 4.8 7.7 6.7 4.5 Asia 3.7 1.2 4.6 6.9 8.5 5.3 8.5 7.2 4.6 India 3.7 2.0 -0.4 3.7 5.0 4.6 4.5 5.7 8.3 China 3.8 0.2 7.7 9.0 10.0 5.3 21.4 8.9 0.3 Africa 2.2 2.2 1.4 7.8 1.0 -4.1 4.3 4.0 3.4 Middle-income countries 3.4 2.7 2.3 8.2 6.0 -0.6 7.7 6.4 3.8 Oil exporters 3.9 2.0 1.8 8.3 5.2 -0.2 7.4 7.9 5.8 Oil importers 3.1 3.1 2.5 8.2 6.5 -0.9 7.8 5.6 2.8 Major exporters of manufactures 3.0 2.9 3.1 8.8 7.2 -1.0 8.5 5.7 3.0 High-income oil exporters .. .. .. .. 2.3 -16.4 .. .. Industrialmarketeconomies 1.7 0.9 1.2 5.1 2.3 -1.0 4.6 3.3 1.5 150
Table A.7 Consumption, savings, and investment indicators, selected years, 1965-83 (percent of GDP) a. Estimated. Country group and indicator 1965 1973 1980 1981 1982 1983a Developing countries Consumption 79.8 76.7 75.6 77.2 77.9 76.0 Investment 21.1 24.3 26.7 26.0 24.6 24.7 Savings 20.2 23.3 24.4 22.8 22.1 24.0 Low-income Asia Consumption 79.8 75.1 75.5 76.3 75.8 74.7 Investment 21.5 25.4 27.6 25.7 25.7 26.5 Savings 20.2 24.9 24.5 23.7 24.2 25.3 Low-income Africa Consumption 88.6 85.7 90.4 92.7 94.1 94.6 Investment 14.2 16.8 18.7 17.3 16.2 14.7 Savings 11.4 14.3 9.6 7.3 5.9 5.4 Middle-income oil importers Consumption 79.1 77.0 77.5 78.7 79.1 77.0 Investment 22.0 24.9 26.6 25.7 24.0 24.0 Savings 20.9 23.0 22.5 21.3 20.9 23.0 Middle-income oil exporters Consumption 79.9 76.8 71.0 74.2 76.0 71.2 Investment 19.8 22.3 26.7 27.6 25.7 26.2 Savings 20.1 23.2 29.0 25.8 24.0 28.8 Industrial market economies Consumption 76.7 75.0 78.4 78.4 80.1 80.0 Investment 22.9 24.7 22.5 21.9 20.1 20.0 Savings 23.3 25.0 21.6 21.6 19.9 20.0 151
Page 1 and 2:
Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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World Development Report 1985 Publi
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Foreword This is the eighth World D
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Contents Definitions and data notes
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A.4 Population and composition of G
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Definitions and data notes Capital
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culated without making deductions f
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Part I Overview and Historical Pers
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Figure 1.2 Trends in selected debt
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countries depend on three variables
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ties includes many countries in Lat
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intermediation of the World Bank an
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In dealing with all these issues, t
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tury. By contrast, net capital infl
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tees on terms that seldom preserved
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mid-1960s and France a few years la
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Table 2.2 (continued) Country group
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Table 2.3 Net resource receipts of
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anking assets and liabilities. They
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Box 2.3 How inflation affects loan
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Box 2.4 The changing nature of debt
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agreement has been reached with Ecu
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Part II Role of Economic Policies 3
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Table 3.1 Current account balances
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eceipts minus social security outla
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expected to be high-a view consiste
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story. Difficulties had started ear
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Box 3.4 The costs of protecting sug
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4 Foreign borrowing and developing-
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World Development Indicators, Table
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Box 4.1 The debt cycle hypothesis A
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guarantee that enough foreign excha
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Figure 4.5 Borrowing and growth in
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Box 4.4 Guidelines for borrowing De
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have been forced to reschedule thei
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happened to different developing co
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Figure 4.6 Change in investment, sa
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Figure 4.7 The composition of credi
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tion started increasing consumer su
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Box 4.6 Capital flight in the South
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and tighter fiscal and monetary pol
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Export Rehabilitation Program to pr
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5 Managing foreign finance The prev
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Box 5.2 Integrated debt management:
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vate borrowing more carefully. In M
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available to the country. Some tech
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The maturity structure of debt earl
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developing countries greatly. For e
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help to develop debt management sys
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Part III Mechanisms for Internation
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Box 6.1 The growth and distribution
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Box 6.2 The deployment of the OPEC
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Box 6.3 The international interbank
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investment grew steadily for much o
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"graduation" of some developing cou
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Figure 7.1 Net receipts of official
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Page 119 and 120: happened in the absence of aid. Two
Page 121 and 122: gram. This involves close collabora
Page 123 and 124: Box 7.8 Aid coordination Aid coordi
Page 125 and 126: Figure 8.1 Net position of developi
Page 127 and 128: Box 8.2 Arab banks and internationa
Page 129 and 130: default clauses would ensure that a
Page 131 and 132: perceived creditworthiness of devel
Page 133 and 134: Debt rescheduling and the banks Ban
Page 135 and 136: Box 8.7 Increasing the flexibility
Page 137 and 138: Box 8.9 World Bank cofinancing The
Page 139 and 140: 9 Direct and portfolio investment T
Page 141 and 142: Box 9.1 Direct foreign investment i
Page 143 and 144: however, there has been a positive
Page 145 and 146: By contrast, some of the newly indu
Page 147 and 148: ecognition of the relevance of this
Page 149 and 150: Table 9.2 Return on investment in e
Page 151 and 152: Part IV Perspectives and Policies f
Page 153 and 154: ently estimated at slightly more th
Page 155 and 156: mies would continue to grow faster
Page 157 and 158: Middle-income countries Major expor
Page 159 and 160: Table 10.6 Net financing flows to d
Page 161 and 162: cies and performance against the me
Page 163: Table A.3 GDP, 1980, and growth rat
Page 167 and 168: Table A.9 Change in export prices a
Page 169 and 170: Table A.12 Composition of debt outs
Page 171 and 172: problems in the Latin American coun
Page 173 and 174: Interbank Market: A Descriptive Stu
Page 175: Diversification in the Nineteenth C
Page 179 and 180: Contents Key 168 Introduction 169 M
Page 181 and 182: Table 21. Labor force 214 Populatio
Page 183 and 184: Introduction The World Development
Page 185 and 186: that it is a weighted average; the
Page 187 and 188: Life expectancy The map classifies
Page 189 and 190: GNP per capital Life Area Average a
Page 191 and 192: Average annual growth rate (percent
Page 193 and 194: GDP' Distribution of gross domestic
Page 195 and 196: Average annual growth rate (percent
Page 197 and 198: Distribution of gross domestic prod
Page 199 and 200: Value added Food aid Fertilizer con
Page 201 and 202: Distribution of manufacturing value
Page 203 and 204: Energy consumption Average annual e
Page 205 and 206: Merchandise trade Average annual gr
Page 207 and 208: Percentage share of merchandise exp
Page 209 and 210: Percentage share of merchandise imp
Page 211 and 212: Destination of merchandise exports
Page 213 and 214: Destination of manuiactu red export
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Receipts Gross international reserv
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Public and publicly guaranteed medi
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External public debt Interest payme
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Average interest Average Average Co
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OPEC Amount 1975 1976 1977 1978 197
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Average annual growth Hypothetical
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Crude Crude Percentage Percentage o
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Percentage of population of Pretgof
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Urban population Percentage of urba
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Life expectancy at Iniant birth (ye
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Daily calorie supply Population per
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Number Number enrolled in enrolled
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Percentage of total expenditure Hou
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Percentage of total current revenue
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Percentage share of household incom
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appropriateness of the exchange rat
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and electricity, water, and gas. Al
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import unit value index, this indic
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The summary measures in this table
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Data are mainly derived from the Wo
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and other training institutions by
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Bibliography of data sources Nation
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World Devlelopment Report 1985 focu
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