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ARAB STATES KUWAIT MDGs Progress Towards Environmental Sustainability KUWAIT Kuwait City Jahra Salmiya Hawalli The MDG 7 target for the integration of sustainable development principles into country policies and programmes was achieved in Kuwait in 1995 when the Environment Public Authority (EPA) was established. EPA is responsible for the management and the protection of the environment.The legislation establishing EPA has given it a fairly high profile requiring the supreme council of the authority to be chaired by the First Deputy Prime Minister.Two of the four indicators identified for this MDG 7 target do not seem to be relevant to Kuwait. According to international classification, given the geographical location of the country as well as its size, the proportion of land area covered by forests is zero and land area protected to maintain biological diversity is negligible as a proportion of the total area of the country. Kuwait has experienced a systematic increase in GDP per unit of energy use from 355 oil kilograms in 1993 to 569 oil kilograms in 1998, which then decreased to 523 kilograms in 1999. The proportion of population using solid fuels has been zero for quite a long time on account of the highly urbanized nature of the society as well as on account of the fact that the economy is oil-based implying the availability of non-solid fuels to the population. It is important to note that Kuwait is located in a desert region, with no forests, and hence there exists no significant implication for the use of solid fuels on the environment. IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA IRAN Persian Gulf QUICK FACTS CURRENT PORTFOLIO BUDGET Total UNDP and Co-Finance: $1,045,450 Total: $1,045,450 Kuwaitis enjoy a decent standard of living and consequently, the proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source has been 100% for a long period of time. Therefore, MDG 7 target 10 has already been achieved. Regarding the proportion of people with access to secure tenure, about 99.7% of Kuwaiti households had access to secure tenure as of December 2002. Of these, 86.9% were living in houses, 11.6% were living in modern flats and about 1.2% were living in traditional houses and annexes. 1 SPOTLIGHT Reinforcing Environmental Management Policies and Programmes 2 Kuwait’s rapid economic growth has both burdened the environment and left it lagging behind other areas of progress. Outdated environmental laws and regulations, a lack of coordination between the various institutions dealing with environmental issues, unrealistic and immeasurable targets, and an acute lack of public information on environmental issues have rendered citizens and organisations indifferent to the benefits that a sustainable environmental policy provides. In response to these challenges, Kuwait is currently refocusing its environmental efforts to concentrate on upstream strategy and policy formulation and implementation in an effort to recover environmental sustainability. Initiated in 2003 and lasting until the end of 2005, the Kuwait Sustainable Environmental Management Programme utilizes UNDP’s technical assistance and funding of nearly US$ 630,000 from the Kuwaiti Government. The Ministry of Planning, the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, and the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment are providing additional logistical assistance. The project will strengthen the capacity of the Environmental Protection Authority for effective management of environmental quality, establish an environmental database, and develop and test mechanisms for improved environmental management. A first phase consists of launching a public awareness campaign and integrating coastal zone management strategies, while a second phase includes the development of sectoral environmental strategies covering atmosphere, fresh water zones, and environmental awareness, urbanisation, and petroleum. The latest achievement of the project was the completion of a national environmental work plan, as well as the full collection of STRATEGIES data for sectoral environmental strategies for each focus area with the exception of the petroleum sector. As public awareness and participation increases, citizens and organisations will become more active actors and stakeholders in the future environmental strategy of the country. 132
“UNDP Kuwait is currently refocusing its environmental efforts to concentrate on upstream strategy and policy formulation and implementation in an effort to recuperate environmental sustainability, especially after Kuwait’s rapid economic growth that has both burdened the environment and left it lagging behind other areas of progress.” In order to address environmental concerns, UNDP Kuwait is currently involved in the implementation of environmental programmes. These programmes will enhance Kuwait’s Environmental Protection Authority, educate the public about environmental concerns, and incorporate GIS and other data sources in an Integrated Environmental Information Network. 3 Moez Doraid, Resident Representative FSSD* PORTFOLIO The preparation of a National Environmental Action Plan is an outcome of the Kuwait Sustainable Environment Management Programme, which aims to ensure sustainable human development. Also, UNDP is implementing a sound Environmental Information System that utilizes research and technical information centres in the field of acquisition, development, management, archiving, retrieving and disseminating scientific and technological information. The Government of Kuwait has funded these efforts. CONTACTS Mr. Moez Doraid – moez.doraid@undp.org Tel.: (965) 4751468 Fax: (965) 4751467 http://www.undp-kuwait.org/ 1 MDGR 2003 and http://www.undg.org/documents/4508-Kuwait_MDG_Report_-_English.doc; 2UNDP Kuwait Document - ‘Kuwait Sustainable Environmental Management Programme’; UNDP Kuwait Questionnaire; 3Kuwait project papers (00013283) and (00013288): 22/06/2005; *Frameworks and Strategies for Sustainable Development 133
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UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMM
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the SUSTAINABLE DIFFERENCE ENERGY A
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FOREWORD Today, the scientific comm
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 3 Acknow
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Bulgaria 224 Croa
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ACRONYMS FEM FFEM FINNIDA FSSD FYRO
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ACRONYMS SEC SFD SGP SHD SIDA SIDS
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change threaten decades of developm
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UNDP SERVICE LINE:EFFECTIVE WATER G
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UNDP’S ENERGY PRIORITIES & APPROA
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UNDP’s response to this situation
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UNDP SERVICE LINE:FRAMEWORKS AND ST
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UNDP CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES: Climate
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Community-Based Initiatives UNDP’
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AFRICA REGIONAL SPOTLIGHTS Protecti
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO AFRICA
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NIGER AFRICA BENIN MDG7 Progress To
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ANGOLA ZAMBIA AFRICA BOTSWANA MDG7
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AFRICA BURKINA FASO MDG7 BURKINA FA
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AFRICA BURUNDI MDG7 Progress Toward
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AFRICA CAMEROON MDG7 Progress Towar
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Santo Antão AFRICA CAPE VERDE MDG7
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AFRICA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC MDG
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AFRICA CHAD MDG7 Progress Towards E
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AFRICA COMOROS MDG7 Progress Toward
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C.A.R. SUDAN AFRICA CONGO, DEMOCRAT
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CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC A
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AFRICA COTE D'IVOIRE MDG7 Progress
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SUDAN SAUDI ARABIA AFRICA ERITREA S
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ERITREA Red Sea YEMEN AFRICA ETHIOP
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AFRICA GABON MDG7 Progress Towards
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AFRICA GAMBIA MDG7 Progress Towards
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BURKINA FASO AFRICA GHANA MDG7 Prog
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AFRICA GUINEA MDG7 Progress Towards
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SENEGAL AFRICA GUINEA-BISSAU MDG7 P
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SUDAN ETHIOPIA AFRICA KENYA MDG7 Pr
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AFRICA LESOTHO Engaging Young Peopl
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AFRICA LIBERIA MDG7 Progress Toward
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AFRICA MADAGASCAR Sustaining Biodiv
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AFRICA MALAWI Progress Towards Envi
Page 81 and 82: AFRICA MALI Multifunctional Platfor
Page 83 and 84: AFRICA MAURITANIA Waste Management
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Page 89 and 90: ANGOLA ZAMBIA AFRICA NAMIBIA MDG7 P
Page 91 and 92: ALGERIA LIBYA AFRICA NIGER MDG7 Pro
Page 93 and 94: NIGER CHAD AFRICA NIGERIA SPOTLIGHT
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Page 97 and 98: AFRICA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE MDG7 Pro
Page 99 and 100: AFRICA SENEGAL MDG7 Some of the cha
Page 101 and 102: GUINEA AFRICA SIERRA LEONE A New Pl
Page 103 and 104: BOTSWANA ZIMBABWE AFRICA NAMIBIA Jo
Page 105 and 106: AFRICA SWAZILAND MDG7 Progress Towa
Page 107 and 108: UGANDA AFRICA TANZANIA MDG7 Progres
Page 109 and 110: BURKINA FASO AFRICA TOGO SPOTLIGHT
Page 111 and 112: SUDAN AFRICA UGANDA MDG7 Progress T
Page 113 and 114: AFRICA ZAMBIA MDG7 Progress Towards
Page 115 and 116: AFRICA ZIMBABWE Energy Efficiency I
Page 117 and 118: ARAB STATES Algeria Bahrain Djibout
Page 119 and 120: Energy for Sustainable Development
Page 121 and 122: “The Environment portfolio offers
Page 123 and 124: Bahrain has no abject poverty, alth
Page 125 and 126: One of the most important achieveme
Page 127 and 128: The Environment portfolio in Egypt'
Page 129 and 130: By targeting the most urgent and ma
Page 131: UNDP works towards achieving enviro
Page 135 and 136: UNDP supports sustainable developme
Page 137 and 138: A capacity assessment, conducted by
Page 139 and 140: Poverty-stricken populations in Mor
Page 141 and 142: Palestine is currently implementing
Page 143 and 144: UNDP Saudi Arabia is working on sev
Page 145 and 146: In the aftermath of the Tsunami whi
Page 147 and 148: It is not difficult to recognize th
Page 149 and 150: In the area of environment, UNDP Sy
Page 151 and 152: Environment is one of the three pil
Page 153 and 154: UNDP and other UN entities, includi
Page 155 and 156: UNDP has been actively engaged in s
Page 157 and 158: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC REGIONAL SPOTL
Page 159 and 160: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC AFGHANISTAN MD
Page 161 and 162: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BANGLADESH MDG
Page 163 and 164: CHINA ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BHUTAN M
Page 165 and 166: THAILAND LAOS ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Page 167 and 168: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC CHINA MDG7 Pro
Page 169 and 170: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC FIJI AND THE P
Page 171 and 172: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC INDIA QUICK FA
Page 173 and 174: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC INDONESIA MDG7
Page 175 and 176: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC IRAN (ISLAMIC
Page 177 and 178: Onsong R ASIA AND THE PACIFIC KOREA
Page 179 and 180: NORTH KOREA Sea of Japan ASIA AND T
Page 181 and 182: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC LAOS, PEOPLE
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MALAYSIA MDG7
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MALDIVES SPOTL
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MONGOLIA MDG7
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MYANMAR SPOTLI
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NEPAL MDG7 Pro
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TURKMENISTAN TAJIKISTAN CHINA ASIA
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC PAPUA NEW GUIN
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC PHILIPPINES MD
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SAMOA Stakehol
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC SRI LANKA EcoS
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC THAILAND MDG7
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Banda Sea ASIA AND THE PACIFIC TIMO
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC VIET NAM MDG7
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EUROPE & THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPE
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A Strategic Vision for the Prespa P
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Albania’s developing market econo
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UNDP Armenia’s Energy and Environ
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Azerbaijan’s Poverty Reduction St
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Belarus has limited stock of tradit
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The aim of UNDP BiH’s environment
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UNDP draws on global expertise to h
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UNDP Croatia supports the national,
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Through the many environmental acti
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Achieving global environmental mana
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Sustainable environment and natural
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UNDP is aiding the integration of s
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“In recent years, a considerable
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To date UNDP Kosovo has not develop
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Kyrgyzstan is located in an active
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Latvia has addressed the issue of i
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UNDP provides support to investigat
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The Government of Macedonia is comm
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Energy and Environment programs are
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UNDP supports Poland’s efforts to
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UNDP is working to strengthen the n
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The Russian economy is now entering
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Presently Serbia and Montenegro are
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Tajikistan is proving its commitmen
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In Turkey, UNDP has been a close pa
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Turkmenistan continues to be highly
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Ukraine has the unique status of be
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The key focus of UNDP’s activitie
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REG
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ARG
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN BAR
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN BEL
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN BOL
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN BRA
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PERU BOLIVIA BRAZIL LATIN AMERICA A
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN COL
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN COS
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN CUB
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN THE
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ECU
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN EL
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN GUA
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN GUY
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN HAI
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN HON
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN JAM
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN MEX
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Caribbean Sea LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN PAN
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BOLIVIA LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIB
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN PER
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN TRI
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN URU
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN VEN
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
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1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATO
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1. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONV
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THE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PRACTICE
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UNDP’s work in the field of energ
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