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EUROPE AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES ROMANIA MDG7 Progress Towards Environmental Sustainability Romanian forests are annually affected by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. Plant health statistics show that about 20% of the forestry fund area is under threat annually. The clearance of forests, which causes erosion and SLOVAKIA HUNGARY SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO Ploiesti Bucharest turns mountainsides arid, has also led to the degradation of the Romanian forests. In 2002, forests covered an area of 6,835 thousand hectares, which represents 27% of the country’s territory; this proportion is below the European average of 33%. Since Romania’s forest area is below this European average, strategic actions for long and medium term reforestation of agricultural lands, approximately 2 million hectares, are required. According to the long-term forest development strategy designed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Waters and Environment (MAFWE), the main goal is to accelerate reforestation from the current rate of 27% to 35% of the country’s surface area, in the coming 37 years. Approximately 2.5 million hectares of agricultural lands are highly eroded and require reforestation. The present policy aims to reforest 25,000 hectares per year. Greenhouse gas emissions dropped from approximately 271 million tons of CO2 in 1989 to 147 million tons in 2000, due to economic recession. The goal to reduce CO2 emissions by 8% by 2008-2012 is therefore expected to be achieved. Studies show that the current water demand in Romania, which is 20.4 billion cubic meters per year, will rise to approximately 27 billion cubic meters per year during 2005-2010 and to 32–35 billion cubic meters per year during 2020–2025. Given the QUICK FACTS social and legal changes that have occurred in recent years, the urban and rural population are expected to grow. Yet, the Total UNDP-GEF and Co-Finance: $1,885,835 increase by 100% of the proportion of people with sustainable Total: $1,885,835 access to drinking water by 2015 is an achievable target for Romania. This target was set as an intermediary milestone in the plan aiming at ensuring a minimum household comfort by 2020 by connecting 99% of the urban population and 85% of the rural population to local water supply networks. 1 Financial and Human Resource Developments Lead to Energy Efficiency Investments 2 Constanta identifying additional resources such as insurance, guarantors or investors. CLIMATE CHANGE Oradea UKRAINE ROMANIA Iasi Galati BULGARIA MOLDOVA SPOTLIGHT Romania’s energy intensity has been among the highest in its region and has been 5-10 times higher than in the UK, France, Germany, or the U.S. The country has been lagging behind in energy efficiency and needs to catch up with the rest of Europe as part of its bid for EU membership in 2007. The Romanian Agency for Energy Conservation is responsible for promoting energy efficiency but has had very limited financial and human resources to combat this problem. The UNDP/GEF Energy Efficiency Financing Project begun in 2003 is a practical approach to address Romania's lack of investment in the field of energy efficiency.The Energy Efficiency Financing Team, a core team of banking and energy specialists, uses small amounts of grant financing to leverage large amounts of commercial financing for energy efficiency investments in Romania. The team works closely with banks to identify qualified energy efficiency investments for support from the project. The team adopted a simple, 3-stage approach. First, project identification; second borrowers and lenders are introduced, bringing in additional stakeholders as required, creating an outline deal, and achieving an ‘Agreement-in-Principle’ between lenders and borrowers. The third stage is the completion, where project resources are used to help borrowers meet the banks' lending requirements to complete the deal. Support provided by the project includes business plans, financial analysis, feasibility studies, energy audits, due diligence and Energy efficiency stakeholders and banks put together complex financial deals, gaining a great deal of knowledge and experience, which is complemented by capacity building training and workshops. In the first quarter of 2005, applications for support rose by 15 to 235. The project has so far leveraged 14 investment projects with a combined value of over US$ 23 million. Black Sea 252
UNDP is working to strengthen the national capacity to improve the sectors of environmental degradation and enhance energy efficiency in Romania. Scarcity of natural and biological resources, and energy derived from natural resources restrict enhancement of livelihoods, increase vulnerability, and impact well-being in a number of ways. The environmental initiatives in Romania will result in the improvement of rural livelihood and conservation of biodiversity in environmentally protected areas through dissemination of sustainable forest and land management practices, while undertaking income generating activities. UNDP believes that biodiversity is a key developmental issue. It is not an option, nor a luxury restricted to rich countries. 3 ENERGY FSSD* PORTFOLIO Soknan Han Jung, Resident Representative Part of Romania’s efforts to ensure coordination and mainstreaming of local and global environmental activities is its efforts to identify capacity development needs. The NCSA has produced three Thematic Assessment Reports on Climate Change, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Degradation as well as a cross cutting issues report and is working on developing an action plan and a resource mobilization strategy. Access to sustainable energy resources and reducing GHG emissions can only be achieved if it is coupled with work on energy efficiency. The energy efficiency project works through energy efficiency investments. This project is highlighted in the project spotlight. CONTACTS Ms. Violeta Kogalniceanu – violeta.kogalniceanu@undp.org Ms. Mihaela Mihailovici – mihaela.mihailovici@undp.org Tel. 4021-201-78-06 Fax 4021-201-78-28 http://www.undp.ro/environment/ 1 MDGR 2004 http://undg.org/documents/3654-Romania_MDG_Report_-_English.pdf; UNDP Romania,‘Capacity Building for GHG Emission Reduction through Energy Efficiency Improvement in Romania’: http://www.undp.ro/environment/energy_eff_outline.php; 2 GEF Online database: http://www.gefonline.org/projectDetails.cfmprojID=284.; 3 http://www.undp.ro/environment/; *Frameworks and Strategies for Sustainable Development 253
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UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMM
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the SUSTAINABLE DIFFERENCE ENERGY A
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FOREWORD Today, the scientific comm
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 3 Acknow
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Bulgaria 224 Croa
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ACRONYMS FEM FFEM FINNIDA FSSD FYRO
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ACRONYMS SEC SFD SGP SHD SIDA SIDS
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change threaten decades of developm
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UNDP SERVICE LINE:EFFECTIVE WATER G
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UNDP’S ENERGY PRIORITIES & APPROA
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UNDP’s response to this situation
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UNDP SERVICE LINE:FRAMEWORKS AND ST
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UNDP CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES: Climate
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Community-Based Initiatives UNDP’
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AFRICA REGIONAL SPOTLIGHTS Protecti
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO AFRICA
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NIGER AFRICA BENIN MDG7 Progress To
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ANGOLA ZAMBIA AFRICA BOTSWANA MDG7
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AFRICA BURKINA FASO MDG7 BURKINA FA
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AFRICA BURUNDI MDG7 Progress Toward
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AFRICA CAMEROON MDG7 Progress Towar
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Santo Antão AFRICA CAPE VERDE MDG7
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AFRICA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC MDG
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AFRICA CHAD MDG7 Progress Towards E
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AFRICA COMOROS MDG7 Progress Toward
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C.A.R. SUDAN AFRICA CONGO, DEMOCRAT
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CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC A
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AFRICA COTE D'IVOIRE MDG7 Progress
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SUDAN SAUDI ARABIA AFRICA ERITREA S
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ERITREA Red Sea YEMEN AFRICA ETHIOP
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AFRICA GABON MDG7 Progress Towards
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AFRICA GAMBIA MDG7 Progress Towards
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BURKINA FASO AFRICA GHANA MDG7 Prog
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AFRICA GUINEA MDG7 Progress Towards
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SENEGAL AFRICA GUINEA-BISSAU MDG7 P
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SUDAN ETHIOPIA AFRICA KENYA MDG7 Pr
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AFRICA LESOTHO Engaging Young Peopl
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AFRICA LIBERIA MDG7 Progress Toward
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AFRICA MADAGASCAR Sustaining Biodiv
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AFRICA MALAWI Progress Towards Envi
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AFRICA MALI Multifunctional Platfor
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AFRICA MAURITANIA Waste Management
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AFRICA MAURITIUS MDG7 Progress Towa
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AFRICA MOZAMBIQUE MDG7 Progress Tow
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ANGOLA ZAMBIA AFRICA NAMIBIA MDG7 P
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ALGERIA LIBYA AFRICA NIGER MDG7 Pro
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NIGER CHAD AFRICA NIGERIA SPOTLIGHT
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AFRICA RWANDA MDG7 Progress Towards
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AFRICA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE MDG7 Pro
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AFRICA SENEGAL MDG7 Some of the cha
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GUINEA AFRICA SIERRA LEONE A New Pl
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BOTSWANA ZIMBABWE AFRICA NAMIBIA Jo
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AFRICA SWAZILAND MDG7 Progress Towa
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UGANDA AFRICA TANZANIA MDG7 Progres
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BURKINA FASO AFRICA TOGO SPOTLIGHT
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SUDAN AFRICA UGANDA MDG7 Progress T
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AFRICA ZAMBIA MDG7 Progress Towards
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AFRICA ZIMBABWE Energy Efficiency I
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ARAB STATES Algeria Bahrain Djibout
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Energy for Sustainable Development
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“The Environment portfolio offers
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Bahrain has no abject poverty, alth
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One of the most important achieveme
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The Environment portfolio in Egypt'
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By targeting the most urgent and ma
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UNDP works towards achieving enviro
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“UNDP Kuwait is currently refocus
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UNDP supports sustainable developme
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A capacity assessment, conducted by
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Poverty-stricken populations in Mor
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Palestine is currently implementing
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UNDP Saudi Arabia is working on sev
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In the aftermath of the Tsunami whi
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It is not difficult to recognize th
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In the area of environment, UNDP Sy
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Environment is one of the three pil
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UNDP and other UN entities, includi
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UNDP has been actively engaged in s
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC REGIONAL SPOTL
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC AFGHANISTAN MD
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BANGLADESH MDG
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CHINA ASIA AND THE PACIFIC BHUTAN M
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THAILAND LAOS ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC CHINA MDG7 Pro
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC FIJI AND THE P
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC INDIA QUICK FA
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC INDONESIA MDG7
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC IRAN (ISLAMIC
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Onsong R ASIA AND THE PACIFIC KOREA
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NORTH KOREA Sea of Japan ASIA AND T
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC LAOS, PEOPLE
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MALAYSIA MDG7
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MALDIVES SPOTL
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MONGOLIA MDG7
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC MYANMAR SPOTLI
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC NEPAL MDG7 Pro
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TURKMENISTAN TAJIKISTAN CHINA ASIA
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC PAPUA NEW GUIN
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ASIA AND THE PACIFIC PHILIPPINES MD
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Page 211 and 212: A Strategic Vision for the Prespa P
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Page 215 and 216: UNDP Armenia’s Energy and Environ
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Page 267 and 268: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REG
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN JAM
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN MEX
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Caribbean Sea LATIN AMERICA AND THE
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN PAN
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BOLIVIA LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIB
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN PER
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN TRI
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN URU
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN VEN
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
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1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATO
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1. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONV
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THE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PRACTICE
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UNDP’s work in the field of energ
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