TPF-C Technology Plan - Exoplanet Exploration Program - NASA

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Table of Contents Approvals................................................................................................................ iii Abstract.....................................................................................................................v Recent Highlights ....................................................................................................vi 1 Introduction..........................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose and Scope ...............................................................................................................1 1.2 Relationship to Technology Development for Other Missions ...........................................2 1.3 Applicable Documents.........................................................................................................3 1.4 Science Objectives of TPF-C...............................................................................................4 1.5 TPF-C Mission Description .................................................................................................5 1.6 Preliminary TPF-C Instrument Description.........................................................................7 1.6.1 Telescope Design..........................................................................................................8 1.6.2 Wavefront Compensator...............................................................................................9 1.6.3 Coronagraph Design .....................................................................................................9 1.6.4 Thermal and Structural Design...................................................................................11 1.6.5 Sunshield.....................................................................................................................12 1.7 How TPF-C Detects Planets ..............................................................................................12 1.8 Key Technical Challenges of TPF-C .................................................................................13 1.8.1 Correction of Static Wavefront Errors........................................................................13 1.8.2 Suppression of Dynamic Wavefront Errors................................................................13 1.9 Technology Development Philosophy...............................................................................13 1.10 TPF-C High-level Technology Milestones......................................................................17 1.11 TPF-C Project Schedule...................................................................................................18 1.12 Technology Development Approach ...............................................................................18 2 Error Budgets.....................................................................................................20 2.1 Contrast Error Budget........................................................................................................20 2.2 Throughput (Sensitivity) Budget .......................................................................................27 3 Optics and Starlight Suppression Technology................................................28 3.1 Component Technologies ..................................................................................................28 3.1.1 Apodizing Masks and Stops .......................................................................................28 3.1.2 Technology Demonstration Mirror.............................................................................33 3.1.3 Wavefront Sensing and Control..................................................................................37 3.1.4 Deformable Mirrors....................................................................................................38 3.1.5 Transmissive Optics....................................................................................................41 3.1.6 Coatings ......................................................................................................................42 3.1.7 Scatterometer ..............................................................................................................45 3.1.8 Small Precision Optics................................................................................................47 3.2 Subsystem and System Testbeds .......................................................................................49 3.2.1 High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT).....................................................................49 3.2.2 Planet Detection Simulator (PDS)..............................................................................52 4 Structural, Thermal, and Spacecraft Technology ..........................................55 4.1 Components Technology ...................................................................................................55 4.1.1 Metrology Components ..............................................................................................55 x
4.1.2 Precision Hexapod......................................................................................................56 4.1.3 Precision Structural Stability Characterization...........................................................59 4.1.4 Vibration Isolation Testbed ........................................................................................64 4.2 Subsystem and System Testbeds .......................................................................................68 4.2.1 Closed-loop Secondary Mirror Position Control........................................................68 4.2.2 Secondary Mirror Tower Partial Structure Testbed....................................................70 4.2.3 Pointing Control Testbed (PCT).................................................................................71 4.2.4 Sub-scale Engineering Model (EM) Sunshield and Isothermal Enclosure ................75 4.2.5 Sub-scale EM Primary Mirror Assembly ...................................................................78 5 Integrated Modeling and Model Validation....................................................81 5.1 Technology Rationale ........................................................................................................81 5.2 Technology Goals ..............................................................................................................85 5.3 Modeling Methodology Validation....................................................................................85 5.4 Error Budget Validation.....................................................................................................89 5.5 Model Validation ...............................................................................................................89 5.6 Progress to Date on Integrated Modeling ..........................................................................89 5.6.1 Modeling Methodology Validation ............................................................................90 5.6.2 Error Budget Validation through Modeling ...............................................................90 5.6.3 Model Validation........................................................................................................91 5.7 Integrated Modeling Tools.................................................................................................91 6 Instrument Technology and Advanced Concepts...........................................94 6.1 Instrument Technology ......................................................................................................94 6.1.1 Detectors.....................................................................................................................94 6.2 Advanced Concepts ...........................................................................................................94 6.2.1 Visible Nulling “Coronagraph” Testbed ....................................................................94 6.2.2 Phased Induced Amplitude Apodization ....................................................................99 7 Plan for Technology Development .................................................................102 7.1 TPF-C Technology Roadmap ..........................................................................................102 7.2 Pre-Phase A Milestones ...................................................................................................105 7.2.1 Milestone 1: Starlight Suppression on the HCIT......................................................105 7.2.2 Milestone 2: Broadband Starlight Suppression on the HCIT ...................................106 7.2.3 Milestone 3A & 3B: Integrated Modeling of HCIT and TPF-C ..............................107 7.3 Error Budgets...................................................................................................................108 7.3.1 Dynamic and Static Error Budgets ...........................................................................108 7.4 Optics and Starlight Suppression Testbeds......................................................................110 7.4.1 Phase A and B Plans for HCIT and PDS..................................................................110 7.4.2 Apodizing Masks and Stops .....................................................................................112 7.4.3 Technology Demonstration Mirror...........................................................................113 7.4.4 Wavefront Sensing and Control................................................................................114 7.4.5 Deformable Mirrors..................................................................................................115 7.4.6 Transmissive Optics..................................................................................................116 7.4.7 Coatings ....................................................................................................................117 7.4.8 Scatterometer ............................................................................................................118 7.4.9 Small Precision Optics..............................................................................................119 7.5 Structural, Thermal, and Spacecraft Testbeds .................................................................120 7.5.1 Metrology Components ............................................................................................120 xi
Page 1 and 2: JPL Publication 05-8 Technology Pla
Page 3: TECHNOLOGY PLAN TERRESTRIAL PLANET
Page 6 and 7: Recent Highlights Technical progres
Page 8 and 9: Figure i-4. Deformable mirror deliv
Page 12 and 13: 7.5.2 Precision Hexapod............
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1 Figure 1-1. Artist's impr
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1 interferometry, continues
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1 Back end coronagraph opti
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Surrounding the whole tel
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1 Pol. BS fold/steering Mic
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 1.6.5 Sunshield The teles
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1 expected architecture dow
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 1 Table 1-3. TPF-C Technolo
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 1 3B: Demonstrate, using th
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2 2 Error Budgets 2.1 Contr
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2 Error Budget Validation G
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2 Further, it is shown that
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2 Table 2-1. Requirement on
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 3 3 Optics and Starlight Su
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 3 are in progress with cont
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 3 Figure 3-5. Coronagraph s
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 3 (though not light-weight
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 3 Table 3-3. ITT Metrology
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 3 observations. The time it
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 3 vacuum-compatible, low-po
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 3 blank size. Westerhoff et
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 3 configurations, performan
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 3 Figure 3-10: Plots showin
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Chapter 3 The wavefront quality of
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Chapter 3 Figure 3-13. Optical layo
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Chapter 3 algorithms have limitatio
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Chapter 3 simulated star source is
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-1. Overview of t
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Chapter 4 enclosures, and stable la
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Chapter 4 facilities from which dat
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-5. Microslip Tri
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-7. Calibration o
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-8. Comparison of
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Chapter 4 4.2 Subsystem and System
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-11. Schematic of
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-12. Fine guiding
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Chapter 4 (5) The Fine Steering Mir
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Chapter 4 Third, precise thermal co
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Chapter 4 giving confidence that fl
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Chapter 4 surface polish is nonethe
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Chapter 5 TPF-C is planning a suite
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Chapter 5 engineering judgment (i.e
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Chapter 5 categories, in reality ea
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Chapter 5 Table 5-3. Validation of
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Chapter 5 5.6.1 Modeling Methodolog
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Chapter 5 strength of computer simu
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Chapter 6 6 Instrument Technology a
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Chapter 6 Figure 6-1. Detailed conc
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Chapter 6 The first method is self-
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Chapter 6 super computers and is us
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Chapter 7 7 Plan for Technology Dev
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Chapter 7 Figure 7-1. TPF-C Technol
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Chapter 7 Improvements to the DM ov
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Chapter 7 7.3 Error Budgets 7.3.1 D
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Chapter 7 7.4 Optics and Starlight
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Chapter 7 7.4.2 Apodizing Masks and
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Chapter 7 7.4.4 Wavefront Sensing a
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Chapter 7 7.4.6 Transmissive Optics
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Chapter 7 7.4.8 Scatterometer Scope
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Chapter 7 7.5 Structural, Thermal,
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Chapter 7 7.5.3 Precision Structura
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Chapter 7 model of TPF-C and should
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Chapter 7 7.5.6 Secondary Mirror To
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Chapter 7 7.5.8 Sub-scale EM Sunshi
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Chapter 7 7.6 Integrated Modeling a
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Chapter 7 7.7.3 Advanced Concepts:
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Chapter 8 134
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Appendices Appendix B: TPF-C Detail
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Appendices Appendix D: TPF-C Techno
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Appendices Appendix F: Acronym List
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Appendices RWA SAO SBIR SIM SM SMFA
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TPF-C Technology Plan - Exoplanet Exploration Program - NASA

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