TPF-C Technology Plan - Exoplanet Exploration Program - NASA

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Chapter 1 Figure 1-1. Artist's impression of the Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph (TPF-C, left) and the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer (TPF- I, right). A previous version of the TPF Technology Plan was prepared in 2003 and charted the path for the current technology development for both TPF-C and the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer (TPF-I). This updated plan, focusing solely on TPF-C, documents the progress that has been made since the earlier plan was put in place. 1.2 Relationship to Technology Development for Other Missions TPF-C is largely pioneering the field of space-based high-contrast imaging. The technology demands are so stringent that there are relatively few missions that TPF-C can rely on for technology heritage in coronagraphy. Nonetheless, four missions stand out as technology precursors. a) Hubble Space Telescope (HST): Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), High Resolution Channel (HRC), in use since 2002. b) Space Interferometry Mission (SIM): planned for launch in 2010. c) James Webb Space Telecope (JWST): planned for launch in 2011. d) Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA): planned for launch in 2011. The Hubble Space Telescope has provided the first stellar coronagraph in space, and HST’s coronagraph on the Advanced Camera for Surveys provides practical experience with spacebased optical coronagraphy. However, the extent of technology inheritance is limited because 2
Introduction the dynamic range of the ACS/HRC is only a factor of 10. This is due primarily to the absence of a deformable mirror (DM) to correct residual wavefront errors. Work for the development of the Space Interferometry Mission has included the design of space qualified laser metrology systems for nanometer control and picometer sensing of its optical surfaces. TPF-C will require active sensing and compensation of relative motions of its primary and secondary mirrors, as well as other mirrors in its optical train. The development of metrology lasers that are stable for periods corresponding the integration times of the coronagraph, which may be as long as 24 hours, are of interest to TPF-C. In this regard, there is direct technology heritage from LISA, whose lasers have very similar requirements. Precision laser metrology, stabilized lasers, corner-cubes, active control, vibration isolation and suppression, and precision optics are all candidate areas for technology inheritance. TPF-C will also benefit from parallel technology development for TPF-I. JWST funded and developed the infrastructure for the measurement of materials properties that TPF-C will use. SIM funded microdynamics technology experiments on two flight experiments (Interferometry Program Experiment (IPEX) I and II) in 1996 and 1997. Although scaling of microdynamics behavior is not yet well understood, TPF-C benefits from both of these activities and their related database of measurements. For additional technology, such as development of wavefront sensing techniques, controlling of wavefront through algorithms and mechanisms, adoption of an integrated modeling approach, thermal shielding deployments, and materials and temperature stabilization, the basis of the TPF- C approach derives from the Spitzer Space Telescope and JWST. 1.3 Applicable Documents a) Science Requirements for the Terrestrial Planet Finder (Executive Summary), April 2004. b) Precursor Science for the Terrestrial Planet Finder, October 2004, JPL Pub. 04-014. c) Biosignatures and Planetary Properties to be Investigated by the TPF Mission, October 2001, JPL Pub. 01-008. d) Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph Mission Concept Report, Jan. 2005, JPL D-30415 (internal to JPL). e) TPF-C Technology Overview, SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5487, Glasgow, June 2004. f) Technology Plan for the Terrestrial Planet Finder, March 2003, JPL Pub. 03-007. g) TPF: Terrestrial Planet Finder, May 1999, JPL Pub. 99-3. h) TPF-C WBS Work Agreements (WAs), December 2004 (internal to JPL). Document 1.3 (a) briefly describes the TPF science requirements as developed by the TPF Science Working Group (SWG) in 2003–2004. The technology requirements for TPF-C are derived from the science requirements tabled in this document. Documents 1.3 (b) and (c) provide further background information concerning the science objectives of TPF and relevant biomarkers. Document 1.3 (d) provides a detailed description of the mission concept for TPF-C as developed by the TPF-C Design Team, with input from the TPF SWG. Numerous technology papers describing technology testbeds for TPF-C are included in the three-volume SPIE proceedings of Document 1.3 (e). Document 1.3 (f) is the previous technology plan for TPF, written at a time when the focus of efforts was the architecture down-select between TPF-C and TPF-I. Document 1.3 (g) is the TPF Book, which, despite its emphasis on mid-infrared 3
Page 1 and 2: JPL Publication 05-8 Technology Pla
Page 3: TECHNOLOGY PLAN TERRESTRIAL PLANET
Page 6 and 7: Recent Highlights Technical progres
Page 8 and 9: Figure i-4. Deformable mirror deliv
Page 10 and 11: Table of Contents Approvals........
Page 12 and 13: 7.5.2 Precision Hexapod............
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1 interferometry, continues
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1 Back end coronagraph opti
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Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 1.6.5 Sunshield The teles
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1 expected architecture dow
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Page 42 and 43: Chapter 3 are in progress with cont
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Page 50 and 51: Chapter 3 observations. The time it
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Chapter 3 algorithms have limitatio
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Chapter 3 simulated star source is
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-1. Overview of t
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Chapter 4 enclosures, and stable la
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Chapter 4 facilities from which dat
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-5. Microslip Tri
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-7. Calibration o
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-8. Comparison of
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Chapter 4 4.2 Subsystem and System
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-11. Schematic of
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Chapter 4 Figure 4-12. Fine guiding
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Chapter 4 (5) The Fine Steering Mir
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Chapter 4 Third, precise thermal co
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Chapter 4 giving confidence that fl
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Chapter 4 surface polish is nonethe
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Chapter 5 TPF-C is planning a suite
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Chapter 5 engineering judgment (i.e
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Chapter 5 categories, in reality ea
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Chapter 5 Table 5-3. Validation of
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Chapter 5 5.6.1 Modeling Methodolog
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Chapter 5 strength of computer simu
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Chapter 6 6 Instrument Technology a
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Chapter 6 Figure 6-1. Detailed conc
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Chapter 6 The first method is self-
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Chapter 6 super computers and is us
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Chapter 7 7 Plan for Technology Dev
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Chapter 7 Figure 7-1. TPF-C Technol
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Chapter 7 Improvements to the DM ov
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Chapter 7 7.3 Error Budgets 7.3.1 D
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Chapter 7 7.4 Optics and Starlight
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Chapter 7 7.4.2 Apodizing Masks and
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Chapter 7 7.4.4 Wavefront Sensing a
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Chapter 7 7.4.6 Transmissive Optics
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Chapter 7 7.4.8 Scatterometer Scope
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Chapter 7 7.5 Structural, Thermal,
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Chapter 7 7.5.3 Precision Structura
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Chapter 7 model of TPF-C and should
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Chapter 7 7.5.6 Secondary Mirror To
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Chapter 7 7.5.8 Sub-scale EM Sunshi
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Chapter 7 7.6 Integrated Modeling a
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Chapter 7 7.7.3 Advanced Concepts:
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Chapter 8 134
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Appendices Appendix B: TPF-C Detail
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Appendices Appendix D: TPF-C Techno
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Appendices Appendix F: Acronym List
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Appendices RWA SAO SBIR SIM SM SMFA
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TPF-C Technology Plan - Exoplanet Exploration Program - NASA

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