II. - Schloss Schwetzingen

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III. 102 III. Schwetzingen – Historical Context as early as 1946, the Schwetzinger Festspiele (Schwetzingen music festival) took place for the fi rst time, with the town still run by the US military. Ever since 1952 (the founding year of the land of Baden-Württemberg) it has been an annual event, and the institution that brought Schwetzingen international fame as a festival city. In the years after 1945, the town was faced with several urgent tasks: to remedy the serious lack of living quarters, to push ahead with road construction and the extension of public transport, to provide schools with suitable rooms and facilities, to improve the health service, to attract more industries. Other municipal tasks could only be solved by specifi c administrative unions. But conditions improved, and in consequence, the population increased; on 30th March 1993, Schwetzingen attained the status of a “Große Kreisstadt”. 22 Today Schwetzingen is a pleasant modern city with the fl air of history and a lively and varied cultural scene. The European idea is represented by its twin cities of Lunéville in France (since 1969), Pápa in Hungary (since 1992) and Spoleto in Italy (since 2005). (Joachim Kresin) 22 Wörn 2000, pp. 54-78.
c) History of the Palace 1. The Origins of the Castle and Palace The following text reviews the state of research into the origins of the palace complex (up to 1700) and reports on current research regarding developments in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Building History When Carl Theodor became ruler of the Palatinate in 1742 at the age of eighteen, 1 the heritage included, among other things, the summer palace at Schwetzingen. At the time, the palace’s core buildings were almost identical to those still visible today, with the exception of the later kitchen building and the quarter-circle pavilions 2 . Both of Carl Theodor’s predecessors – Johann Wilhelm (1690-1716), who rebuilt the palace after the ravages of the Palatine War of Succession, and Carl Philipp (1716-42), who used Schwetzingen as the regular residence of the Elector Palatine up to the completion of his new palace at Mannheim 3 – had been fond of their summer retreat, and the opportunities it offered as a hunting lodge. The Palatinate hunts were widely famous. 4 The new Elector was faced with a team of veteran court architects (Bibiena, Rabaliatti and Zeller), 5 whose building style had shaped the Absolutist “look” of the residences of Mannheim and Schwetzingen for the past four decades, and, who had more or less 1 1724-1799; 1733 Count Palatine in Sulzbach; 1742 Elector Palatine; 1777 Elector Palatine and Elector of Bavaria. 2 North pavilion built 1748-50, south pavilion 1753-55. 3 „For a period of more than ten years, Carl Philipp had to make do with the ‘Oppenheimer Haus’ serving as a palace during the months spent in his winter residence – the summers were spent in the country, at Schwetzingen Palace” and “it was only in 1731, that Carl Philipp moved into his new palace”, from: Stefan Mörz, “Haupt- und Residenzstadt; Carl Theodor, sein Hof und Mannheim”, in: Kleine Schriften des Stadtarchivs Mannheim, no. 12, Mannheim 1998, pp. 19 and 24. 4 Die Lust am Jagen, exhibition catalogue, Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten Baden-Württemberg (ed.), Ubstadt-Weiher 1999. 5 Alessandro Galli da Bibiena, b. Parma 1687, d. Mannheim 1748, from 1719 primus architectus of the Elector. Francesco (Franz Wilhelm) Rabaliatti, 1716-1782, pupil of Bibiena, 1742 appointed court architect by Carl Philipp. Sigismund Zeller, 1680-1764, succeeded Court Builder Breunig in 1727. III. Schwetzingen – Historical Context divided up the building work due to be dealt with among themselves. While Mannheim had been planned on the drawing board, a new city 6 with a prestigious residential palace, there was a centuries-old heritage to be considered at Schwetzingen. Palatine history and tradition demanded to be treated with respect. Even after the ravages infl icted fi rst by the Thirty Years’ War, and later by the Palatine War of Succession of 1689/93, pulling down the old buildings and replacing them with a new palace was never even considered, damaged though they must have been. Johann Wilhelm: Reconstruction and Absolutist Beginnings It was the interest Carl Theodor’s predecessor Johann Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg 7 took in the Palatinate, after the devastation infl icted on it by Louis XIV’s French troops, that gained him a standing with the inhabitants of his heartland. He had spent many years at his Düsseldorf residence, seemingly without taking much notice of Schwetzingen. Now, however, that attitude changed – the estate at Schwetzingen was renovated and converted into a comfortable summer palace. The only hindrance was the claim of ownership of the widow of Johann Wilhelm’s predecessor. The Elector made several offers, but Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark 8 refused to sell. It did not prevent Johann Wilhelm from embarking on the necessary repairs, although Court Architect Alberti’s 9 plans for a grand 6 Mörz 1998, s. n. 3, pp. 19, 24. 7 Johann Wilhelm v. Pfalz-Neuburg, Duke of Jülich and Berg, Elector Palatine, b. 19th April 1658 in Düsseldorf, d. 8th June in Düsseldorf; succeeded his father as Elector Palatine on 2nd September 1690. The Palatine War of Succession (1688-1697) prevented the planned move from Düsseldorf to Heidelberg. Supported by his second wife, Anna Maria Luise of the Medici family (1667-1743), he made his Düsseldorf residence into one of the major European centres of the arts; the Palatinate had nothing comparable to offer to this splendour-loving Baroque prince. After: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, DAHM, Christof, Vol. III, 1992, cols. 171-174. 8 Ernestine Wilhelmine of Denmark, b. 20th June 1650. She married Elector Karl II (1651-1685) in 1671, a marriage that remained without issue and thus led to the Palatine War of Succession. She died on 23rd April 1706 at Schwetzingen, in the palace given to her by her husband on 22nd February 1681. 9 Count Matteo Alberti, born in Venice, 1690-1716 Oberbaudirektor of Johann Wilhelm, active mainly in the Rhineland (Schloss Bensberg). III. 103
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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Contents III. Schwetzingen - Histor
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I. Introduction In the eighteenth c
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II. Schwetzingen - A Prince Elector
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Lent) served to please and divert c
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of mutual succession to reside in M
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the residence to be situated on maj
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personnes qui ont été nommées po
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ducted. This is what distuinguishes
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The subject of Ovid’s Metamorphos
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they call attention to the fact tha
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of healing and redemption, protecto
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come real, evoke Arcadia in the vis
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fi fth of the “septem artes liber
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in the pattern of the portico fl oo
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Death and evening are symbolized by
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The Schwetzingen grounds provide ne
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Infl uences and Models The architec
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French ambassador François Bonaven
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herent nobility of the shapes was b
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the edge, spitting water down into
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interplay of light and shade as one
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the huge cost of fl . 120 000; this
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attraction of the cloister, which i
Page 51 and 52: Classicist portico. The mosque is t
Page 53 and 54: not merely with reason, but even wi
Page 55 and 56: f) The Arabic Insriptions of the Mo
Page 57 and 58: The Inscriptions of the Interior Al
Page 59 and 60: association of talk and silver is i
Page 61 and 62: capable of wit, acumen and humour a
Page 63 and 64: g) The Palace Theatre - the Ideal o
Page 65 and 66: latest developments in theatre tech
Page 67 and 68: offi ce of the State Agency for Pro
Page 69 and 70: of a pumproom and machinery, and us
Page 71 and 72: “Societas Meteorologica Palatina
Page 73 and 74: the fi rst international scientifi
Page 75 and 76: i) The Palace Garden Arboreta - a B
Page 77 and 78: The science of botany, which reache
Page 79 and 80: The newly acquired, and sometimes v
Page 81 and 82: j) Harmonious Opposites: Carl Theod
Page 83 and 84: Absolutism and Enlightenment Electo
Page 85 and 86: II. Schwetzingen - A Prince Elector
Page 87 and 88: III. Schwetzingen - Historical Cont
Page 89 and 90: condemned Catholicism as “cursed
Page 91 and 92: 2. The Cultural Landscape of Schwet
Page 93 and 94: to Mannheim. 31 The conveniently sm
Page 95 and 96: still characterized by the alterati
Page 97 and 98: intended by the Baroque building pl
Page 99 and 100: Changes of Faith, War and Reconstru
Page 101: Schwetzingen in the 19th Century Th
Page 105 and 106: members of the Erlickheim family, p
Page 107 and 108: In 1655, cleaning up and renovating
Page 109 and 110: ooms could be heated, the ceilings
Page 111 and 112: The Castle of the von Erlickheim Fa
Page 115 and 116: een to create a counterpart to the
Page 117 and 118: Reconstruction Under Carl Ludwig fr
Page 119 and 120: The Development of a Baroque Summer
Page 123 and 124: Rococo styles, with geometric inlay
Page 125 and 126: that reason, there is no full chron
Page 127 and 128: y panelling the walls with wood and
Page 129 and 130: eastern part was restored to its or
Page 131 and 132: Uffenbach 11 noted in his travellin
Page 133 and 134: der 29 was taken on as chief court
Page 135 and 136: for the fi rst time in 1782, was co
Page 137 and 138: eticians, especially those of Antoi
Page 139 and 140: plan of 1783 (cp. Fig. 5). Leading
Page 141 and 142: In the 19th century Zeyher converte
Page 143 and 144: Grupello put up in Düsseldorf fi r
Page 145 and 146: of Botany it shelters, is a reworke
Page 147 and 148: The English Garden in the west of t
Page 149 and 150: formal gardens, where they still su
Page 151 and 152: of Baden 136 , was the court garden
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Schwetzingen is described as the mo
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pilation of the “Parkpfl egewerk
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nymous author of one garden guidebo
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to a monument of courtly life under
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derably in making the gardens widel
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de plaissance de Mrg l’Électeur
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Salvatore Sciarrino and Adriana Hö
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IV. Biographies a) Rulers (in Chron
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Maria Luisa. On 5th November 1700,
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Elector’s scholarly and artistic
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troops, who were already at the gat
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sels, where he was admitted to the
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Ferdinand Kobell (1740-1799) The pa
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Zweibrücken (1722-1775) in the cap
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Elector Carl Theodor (1724/1742-179
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In 1771, Carl Theodor commissioned
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served his apprenticeship with Cour
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V. Chronology (Tanja Fischer) 766 F
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1795 Report of an inspection tour f
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VI. List of Monuments in Schwetzing
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Carl Theodor, in the west wing a gy
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uilding probably built from plans b
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timbered walls elsewhere, saddlebac
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Ketscher Straße 2 (Flstnr. 3880/1)
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Carl-Theodor-Straße 1 (Flstnr. 259
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the 18th century; one-storey outhou
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VI. List of Monuments in Schwetzing
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VII. Bibliography (Stefan Moebus) A
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Budde 1999 - Kai Budde, “Die natu
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esidenz Schwetzingen”, in: Kurfü
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Hoffmann 1925 - Wilhelm W. Hoffmann
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Lohmeyer 1915/1920 - Karl Lohmeyer,
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Richter 2004 - Susan Charlotte Rich
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Szymczyk-Eggert 1993 - Elisabeth Sz
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Wimmer 1988/89 - Clemens Alexander
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II. - Schloss Schwetzingen

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