II. - Schloss Schwetzingen

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RUINE DES MERCURTEMPELS 86 Nikolaus Harnoncourt, 1983 „ “ gest. von Haldenwang The time I spent at Schwetzingen in the spring of 1983 has become a special time in my long career – an enchanted castle set in an unreal park, and this incredibly atmospheric little theatre. […] In such an ambience you end up being enchanted yourself, as in Alcina’s fl ower garden – the music must be played in a different way from the factories in the large cities.
III. Schwetzingen – Historical Context a) The Prince Electors and their Schwetzingen Estate 1. A Summarized Political History The Electors Palatine who used Schwetzingen as hunting-lodge and later as their regular summer-residence, were among the most powerful princes of the Empire. Originally, they had been known as Counts Palatine of the Rhine 1 , a title and offi ce the development of which is “among the most diffi cult and least clear in German constitutional history” 2 . In Merovingian times, the Counts Palatine had been stewards of the royal “palatium” that is, palace. They were also used as royal offi cers to represent their master in the provinces. Thus, in the East Frankish Kingdom, later to become Germany, the offi ces of Counts Palatine for various regions developed. All but one became sooner or later extinct; only the position of the Count Palatine of the Rhine survived. His possessions had originally centred around the lower Rhine, but the ever-increasing temporal power of the Rhenish archbishops (Cologne, Mainz, Treves), combined with the fact that the Hohenstaufen Emperors bestowed large chunks of their possessions around the mouth of the Neckar, on the Counts Palatine, they had appointed from the ranks of their relatives, meant that the “Palatinate” “drifted” up the Rhine and came to be situated in the region south of Mainz, and north of what today is Alsace. From 1214, the offi ce and possessions of the Count Palatine fell to the Wittelsbach family, who developed a Palatine and a Bavarian branch, which in turn split up into many more “sub-branches”. The counts whose territories stretched from the border of Lorraine to the the border of Bohemia, were among those princes who became electors of the German king, a privilege that was confi rmed in the 1 For the development of the “Palatinate”: Meinhard Schaab, Geschichte der Kurpfalz. Band 1: Mittelalter, Stuttgart 1988; Geschichte der Kurpfalz, Band 2: Neuzeit, Stuttgart 1992. 2 G. Waitz, Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte 7, 1876, p. 176. Golden Bull of 1356. That is how the Counts Palatine became known als “Elector’s Palatine”. The electors gained more and more infl uence along both banks of the Upper Rhine down to the Swiss border. However, a series of rather unfortunate confl icts with ensuing defeats in the late 1400s and early 1500s, meant that they missed the chance of becoming the principal power in what today are Alsace and Baden. Still, enough power and prestige remained for them to continue as one of the important princes of the Empire. Their defection from the Roman-Catholic church during the Reformation, embracing fi rst Luther’s and later Calvin’s teachings, was thus of major importance for the history of Southern Germany. Grossly over-estimating their strength, the electors played the role of the leading Protestant and Calvinist power in Germany, stirring confl icts with the neighbouring Catholic territories, and establishing close family links with ruling houses of both the Netherlands and Britain. Their risky policy culminated in the assumption of the crown of Bohemia by the Elector Frederick V. (1596-1632) which, as is well known, led to the outbreak of the Thirty Years War. The “Winter-King”, beaten by the Habsburg Emperor in the famous “Battle of the White Mountain”, lost Bohemia and all his other possessions. The Palatinate, in turn occupied by Spanish, Bavarian, Swedish and French troops, suffered from plunderings, destruction, famine and plague, and, by the end of the war, was left devastated and almost totally depopulated. The Peace of Westphalia 1648, restored to the Winter King’s son an electorate that was much reduced in size and power. When his succession died out in 1685, the Neuburg branch of the Palatine Wittelsbachs inherited the electorate. This was hotly contested by Louis XIV. of France, whose brother had been married to the Winter King’s granddaughter – the famous Liselotte of the Palatinate, Duchess of Orleans (1652-1721), whose letters confer such a vivid picture of the Sun III. 87
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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Contents III. Schwetzingen - Histor
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I. Introduction In the eighteenth c
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II. Schwetzingen - A Prince Elector
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Lent) served to please and divert c
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of mutual succession to reside in M
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the residence to be situated on maj
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personnes qui ont été nommées po
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ducted. This is what distuinguishes
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The subject of Ovid’s Metamorphos
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they call attention to the fact tha
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of healing and redemption, protecto
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come real, evoke Arcadia in the vis
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fi fth of the “septem artes liber
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in the pattern of the portico fl oo
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Death and evening are symbolized by
Page 35 and 36: The Schwetzingen grounds provide ne
Page 37 and 38: Infl uences and Models The architec
Page 39 and 40: French ambassador François Bonaven
Page 41 and 42: herent nobility of the shapes was b
Page 43 and 44: the edge, spitting water down into
Page 45 and 46: interplay of light and shade as one
Page 47 and 48: the huge cost of fl . 120 000; this
Page 49 and 50: attraction of the cloister, which i
Page 51 and 52: Classicist portico. The mosque is t
Page 53 and 54: not merely with reason, but even wi
Page 55 and 56: f) The Arabic Insriptions of the Mo
Page 57 and 58: The Inscriptions of the Interior Al
Page 59 and 60: association of talk and silver is i
Page 61 and 62: capable of wit, acumen and humour a
Page 63 and 64: g) The Palace Theatre - the Ideal o
Page 65 and 66: latest developments in theatre tech
Page 67 and 68: offi ce of the State Agency for Pro
Page 69 and 70: of a pumproom and machinery, and us
Page 71 and 72: “Societas Meteorologica Palatina
Page 73 and 74: the fi rst international scientifi
Page 75 and 76: i) The Palace Garden Arboreta - a B
Page 77 and 78: The science of botany, which reache
Page 79 and 80: The newly acquired, and sometimes v
Page 81 and 82: j) Harmonious Opposites: Carl Theod
Page 83 and 84: Absolutism and Enlightenment Electo
Page 85: II. Schwetzingen - A Prince Elector
Page 89 and 90: condemned Catholicism as “cursed
Page 91 and 92: 2. The Cultural Landscape of Schwet
Page 93 and 94: to Mannheim. 31 The conveniently sm
Page 95 and 96: still characterized by the alterati
Page 97 and 98: intended by the Baroque building pl
Page 99 and 100: Changes of Faith, War and Reconstru
Page 101 and 102: Schwetzingen in the 19th Century Th
Page 103 and 104: c) History of the Palace 1. The Ori
Page 105 and 106: members of the Erlickheim family, p
Page 107 and 108: In 1655, cleaning up and renovating
Page 109 and 110: ooms could be heated, the ceilings
Page 111 and 112: The Castle of the von Erlickheim Fa
Page 113 and 114: III. Schwetzingen - Historical Cont
Page 115 and 116: een to create a counterpart to the
Page 117 and 118: Reconstruction Under Carl Ludwig fr
Page 119 and 120: The Development of a Baroque Summer
Page 121 and 122: III. Schwetzingen - Historical Cont
Page 123 and 124: Rococo styles, with geometric inlay
Page 125 and 126: that reason, there is no full chron
Page 127 and 128: y panelling the walls with wood and
Page 129 and 130: eastern part was restored to its or
Page 131 and 132: Uffenbach 11 noted in his travellin
Page 133 and 134: der 29 was taken on as chief court
Page 135 and 136: for the fi rst time in 1782, was co
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eticians, especially those of Antoi
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plan of 1783 (cp. Fig. 5). Leading
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In the 19th century Zeyher converte
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Grupello put up in Düsseldorf fi r
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of Botany it shelters, is a reworke
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The English Garden in the west of t
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formal gardens, where they still su
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of Baden 136 , was the court garden
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Schwetzingen is described as the mo
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pilation of the “Parkpfl egewerk
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nymous author of one garden guidebo
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to a monument of courtly life under
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derably in making the gardens widel
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de plaissance de Mrg l’Électeur
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Salvatore Sciarrino and Adriana Hö
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IV. Biographies a) Rulers (in Chron
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Maria Luisa. On 5th November 1700,
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Elector’s scholarly and artistic
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troops, who were already at the gat
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sels, where he was admitted to the
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Ferdinand Kobell (1740-1799) The pa
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Zweibrücken (1722-1775) in the cap
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Elector Carl Theodor (1724/1742-179
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In 1771, Carl Theodor commissioned
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served his apprenticeship with Cour
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V. Chronology (Tanja Fischer) 766 F
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1795 Report of an inspection tour f
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VI. List of Monuments in Schwetzing
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Carl Theodor, in the west wing a gy
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uilding probably built from plans b
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timbered walls elsewhere, saddlebac
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Ketscher Straße 2 (Flstnr. 3880/1)
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Carl-Theodor-Straße 1 (Flstnr. 259
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the 18th century; one-storey outhou
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VI. List of Monuments in Schwetzing
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VII. Bibliography (Stefan Moebus) A
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Budde 1999 - Kai Budde, “Die natu
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esidenz Schwetzingen”, in: Kurfü
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Hoffmann 1925 - Wilhelm W. Hoffmann
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Lohmeyer 1915/1920 - Karl Lohmeyer,
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Richter 2004 - Susan Charlotte Rich
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Szymczyk-Eggert 1993 - Elisabeth Sz
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Wimmer 1988/89 - Clemens Alexander
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