1FW2e8F

Recommendations

Info

SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE Formal provisions for public participation in the political process were introduced and led the government to crowd-source a new constitution. The process included selecting citizens at random for an initial forum, holding elections for a constitutional council, making the draft constitution available online and sharing it through social media to allow people to comment. The new constitution, which includes new provisions on equality, freedom of information, the right to hold a referendum, the environment and public ownership of land, was put to referendum in 2012 and approved. 501 CASE STUDY HOW BOLIVIA REDUCED INEQUALITY Bolivian indigenous groups descend from El Alto to La Paz demanding a constituent assembly to rewrite the Bolivian constitution (2004). Photo: Noah Friedman Rudovsky Bolivia was, until recently, a country where poverty and inequality sat alongside racial discrimination against the country’s majority indigenous population, who were largely excluded from political decision making. 502 After a decades-long struggle by Bolivia’s social movements and civil society organizations, the country’s first-ever indigenous president, Evo Morales, took office in 2006. Social movements pushed for the creation of a radical new constitution, which enshrined a series of political, economic and social rights, including extending provisions for participatory and communitybased governance. 110
SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE (CASE STUDY CONTINUED) This was accompanied by a range of new progressive social programmes funded by renegotiating the country’s contracts for its oil and gas at a time of high global commodity prices. 503 A much larger number of people now benefit from the exploitation of the country’s natural resources. The government, responding to the demands of the people, used the natural resource windfall to invest in infrastructure, targeted social programmes and increases in the universal pension entitlement. 504 It has also raised the minimum wage, and increased public spending on healthcare and education. Even though more spending on these services is needed, poverty 505 and inequality 506 in the country have fallen continually for the past 10 years. Significant challenges remain. To date, the oil and gas windfall has allowed the government to avoid the issue of tax reform, where significant redistributive and sustainable potential remains. 507 This means that the country’s economic model has so far been almost entirely based on revenue from extractive industries, which in the longrun can undermine sustainable, pro-poor development. 111
Page 1 and 2:
Even it up TIME TO END EXTREME INEQ
Page 3 and 4:
JEFFREY SACHS Director of the Earth
Page 5 and 6:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The paper was writ
Page 7 and 8:
SECTION 1 2 3 FOREWORD FOREWORD The
Page 9 and 10:
SECTION 1 2 3 FOREWORD Persistent i
Page 11 and 12:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nth
Page 13 and 14:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bil
Page 15 and 16:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The
Page 17 and 18:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY pow
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Des
Page 25 and 26:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY and
Page 27 and 28:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY gov
Page 29 and 30:
SECTION 1 2 3 INTRODUCTION Nthabise
Page 31 and 32:
A view across Santa Marta favela an
Page 33 and 34:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY ME
Page 35 and 36:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY FI
Page 37 and 38:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY TA
Page 39 and 40:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY 1.
Page 41 and 42:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY FI
Page 43 and 44:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY Th
Page 45 and 46:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY EX
Page 47 and 48:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY 20
Page 49 and 50:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY in
Page 51 and 52:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY Ca
Page 53 and 54:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY ed
Page 55 and 56:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY (C
Page 57 and 58:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY Si
Page 59 and 60:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY Th
Page 61 and 62:
SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY CA
Page 63 and 64: SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY Id
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY CA
Page 67 and 68: SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY On
Page 69 and 70: SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY MY
Page 71 and 72: SECTION 1 2 3 EXTREME INEQUALITY ma
Page 73 and 74: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE THE
Page 75 and 76: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE BURK
Page 77 and 78: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE In S
Page 79 and 80: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE wage
Page 81 and 82: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE (CAS
Page 83 and 84: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE Some
Page 85 and 86: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE 2.3
Page 87 and 88: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE Inte
Page 89 and 90: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE appr
Page 91 and 92: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE fisc
Page 97 and 98: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE CASE
Page 99 and 100: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE Stro
Page 103 and 104: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE to 5
Page 107 and 108: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE hous
Page 111 and 112: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE CASE
Page 113: SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE The
Page 117 and 118: SECTION 1 2 3 TIME TO ACT Today’s
Page 119 and 120: SECTION 1 2 3 TIME TO ACT • Imple
Page 121 and 122: SECTION 1 2 3 TIME TO ACT • Commi
Page 123 and 124: SECTION 1 2 3 TIME TO ACT • Ensur
Page 125 and 126: SECTION 1 2 3 NOTES NOTES 1. Based
Page 127 and 128: SECTION 1 2 3 NOTES 51. M. Carney (
Page 129 and 130: SECTION 1 2 3 NOTES 106. S. Limwatt
Page 131 and 132: SECTION 1 2 3 NOTES 168. The Transn
Page 133 and 134: SECTION 1 2 3 NOTES 245. P. Engel,
Page 135 and 136: SECTION 1 2 3 NOTES 324. Oxfam and
Page 137 and 138: SECTION 1 2 3 NOTES 390. In C. Godf
Page 139 and 140: SECTION 1 2 3 NOTES 449. P. Stevens
Page 142: The widening gap between rich and p
show all

1FW2e8F

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?