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Amir Nasser, 12, Jamam refugee camp, Upper Nile, South Sudan (2012). Photo: John Ferguson 2 WHAT CAN BE DONE To end extreme inequality
SECTION 1 2 3 WHAT CAN BE DONE THE HIGH ROAD OR THE LOW ROAD Inequality is not inevitable, but the result of policy choices. In this section, we explore some of the deliberate policy choices that have been and are currently being taken by governments that have affected inequality. The choice which governments face, to move towards or away from inequality, is illustrated first by two fictional articles, each of which describes a potential future for Ghana as the Economist magazine may describe it in 2040. The report then focuses on four key areas where strong policy action can help to tackle inequality: work and wages, taxation, public services, and economic policies that can specifically tackle gender inequality. The section finishes by looking at the kind of progressive political change that is necessary to ensure that governments break the stranglehold of special interests, and act in favour of the majority of citizens and of society as a whole. Action can be taken to reverse the trends that are fuelling today’s yawning gap between rich and poor, the powerless and the powerful. The world needs concerted action to build a fairer economic and political system that values the many over the few. The rules and systems that have led to today’s extreme economic inequality must change, with action taken to level the playing field by implementing policies that redistribute both wealth and power. “ Without deliberate policy interventions, high levels of inequality tend to be self-perpetuating. They lead to the development of political and economic institutions that work to maintain the political, economic and social privileges of the elite. UNRISD 316 “ 69
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JEFFREY SACHS Director of the Earth
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The paper was writ
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The widening gap between rich and p
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