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SECTION 1 2 3 FOREWORD FOREWORD I have been fighting inequality my whole life. Where I grew up in Uganda, my family did not have much, but we were among the better-off in our village. My best friend and I went to school together every day. I had one pair of shoes, she walked barefoot. I did not understand why then, and I still don’t now. Inequality must be fought, every step of the way. Many of the poorest countries have made great progress in the struggle against poverty; progress that I have seen with my own eyes when visiting some of the toughest places in the world. But this progress is being threatened by rising inequality. Money, power and opportunities are concentrated in the hands of the few, at the expense of the majority. A child born to a rich family, even in the poorest of countries, will go to the best school and will receive the highest quality care if they are sick. At the same time, poor families will see their children taken from them, struck down by easily preventable diseases because they do not have the money to pay for treatment. The reality is that across the world, the richest people are able to live longer, happier and healthier lives, and are able to use their wealth to see that their children do the same. 4
SECTION 1 2 3 FOREWORD Persistent inequalities between men and women only exacerbate these discrepancies. Everywhere I travel with Oxfam, and whenever I return home to Uganda, I see evidence of this. Half of all women in sub-Saharan Africa give birth alone and in unsafe conditions. None of these women are wealthy. Women’s low status in society means that the issue of maternal health is neglected in budget allocations, leaving public hospitals and clinics poorly resourced and under-staffed. At the same time the wives, sisters and daughters of the most rich and powerful families in these countries give birth in private hospitals attended by trained doctors and midwives. This cannot go on. But our ability to raise our voices and have a say over how the societies we live in are run is being threatened by the concentration of wealth in the hands of the few. The wealthiest can use their financial power and the influence that comes with it to bend laws and policy choices in their favour, further reinforcing their positions. In rich and poor countries alike, money yields power and privilege, at the expense of the rights of the majority. The people have been left behind for too long, a fact that has already sparked popular protests and outrage around the world. Outrage that elected governments are representing the interests of the powerful few, and neglecting their responsibility to ensure a decent future for everyone. Outrage that the banks and bankers, whose recklessness led to the financial crisis, were bailed out, while the poorest in society were left to front the costs. Outrage that corporate giants are able to dodge their taxes and get away with paying poverty wages. Many of you will wonder whether there is anything we can do to change this The answer is very firmly yes. Inequality is not inevitable. It is the result of policy choices. This report is concerned with exploring the policy choices and actions that can reverse it: free public health and education services that help everyone, while ensuring the poor are not left behind; to decent wages that end working poverty; progressive taxation so that the rich pay their fair share; and protected spaces where people can have their voices heard and where they can have a say over the societies they live in. Oxfam is standing in solidarity with people everywhere who are demanding a more equal world, and an end to extreme inequality. WINNIE BYANYIMA Executive Director, Oxfam 5
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