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SECTION 1 2 3<br />
WHAT CAN BE DONE<br />
Alternative proposals that are pushing governments and institutions to<br />
go further are also being put on the table. The IMF has recently looked at<br />
‘worldwide unitary taxation’, an alternative tax method promoted by academics<br />
and some civil society organizations to ensure that companies pay tax where<br />
economic activity takes place. 406 Ten EU countries have agreed to work together<br />
to put a Financial Transaction Tax in place, which if applied to a broad range of<br />
transactions, could dampen speculative trading and raise €30–35bn per year. 407<br />
The debate around global and national wealth taxes has been brought to<br />
popular attention by Thomas Piketty’s book Capital in the Twenty-First Century,<br />
where he proposes a global wealth tax to curb excessive wealth inequality.<br />
He proposes a sliding scale starting at 0.1 percent for those with fortunes of<br />
less than €1m, moving up to 10 percent for those with ‘several hundred million<br />
or several billion euros’. 408<br />
The idea of wealth taxes was also proposed to the Brazilian congress in 2013<br />
by the Brazilian ruling party in the wake of riots. 409 In 2012, it was reported<br />
that the IMF was considering a one-time 10 percent wealth levy, in order to<br />
return many European countries to pre-crisis public debt-to-GDP ratios, but<br />
its support for the proposal was quickly denied. 410 The economic and financial<br />
crises, and Capital in the Twenty-First Century, have undoubtedly started a<br />
serious debate about taxing wealth to tackle economic inequality. Oxfam has<br />
calculated that a tax of 1.5 percent on the wealth of the world’s billionaires<br />
today could raise $74bn. This would be enough to fill the annual gaps in funding<br />
needed to get every child into school and deliver health services in the poorest<br />
49 countries. 411<br />
More than numbers: Tax is about our model of society<br />
‘How people are taxed, who is taxed and what is taxed tell more about<br />
a society than anything else.’<br />
Charles Adams 412<br />
Taxes are essential sources of revenue to fund the services, infrastructure,<br />
and ‘public goods’ that benefit us all, and can be the glue between citizen<br />
and state. Governments must rebuild trust in the tax system, and demonstrate<br />
that when tax and public spending are done right, they can form the fabric of<br />
a decent and fair society, and deliver for everyone fairly.<br />
Reforms in Lagos State, Nigeria have demonstrated that the vicious cycle of<br />
mistrust towards governments can be stopped. Since coming to power in May<br />
2007, Governor Babatunde Fashola has invested in roads and education, and<br />
communicated to the 15 million inhabitants that those public services were<br />
financed by taxes. Fashola has remained highly popular and was re-elected in<br />
2011 with a large majority. In 2011, an impressive 74 percent of Lagosians were<br />
satisfied with the way that Governor Fashola has spent their tax money so far.<br />
This shows that, although the willingness of the public to pay taxes is low in<br />
many developing countries where governments are typically viewed as wasteful<br />
and corrupt, willingness can be rapidly generated by effective fiscal reforms. 413<br />
These are signs of hope for the future. But, as ever, turning rhetoric and debate<br />
into action will require sufficient political mobilization to oblige governments to<br />
stand in solidarity with the 99 percent, and against the special interests that<br />
resist reform.<br />
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