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108 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3.4. Identification of DNA markers associated with seedling root fluorescence In total 650 reliable read amplification products were identified in two pairs of bulks derived from L. multiflorum and L. perenne. More than half bands (55%) were polymorphic between all bulks. In each species about one fourth of all bands detected polymorphism between fluorescent and nonfluorescent bulks (Table 5.8). The majority of markers revealed differences only in one pair of bulks but not in the other. Only 10% of all bands were polymorphic between fluorescent and nonfluorescent bulks in both species. Among them about 5-6% were associated in a coupling linkage phase with fluorescence amplifying the polymorphic fragment only in fluorescent plants (Table 5.9). The other 4-6% fragments were amplified only in nonfluorescent plants and thus, were associated in a repulsion linkage phase. However, the majority of markers were in different linkage phases in each species. The same linkage phase in L. multiflorum and L. perenne was observed for only a slightly more than 2% of bands. In the case of ten bands (1.5%), fluorescent bulks both from L. multiflorum and L. perenne had a band (coupling phase) while in the case of five bands (0.8%) fluorescent bulks did not have any band (repulsion phase). To confirm the association of these 15 bands with fluorescence individual plants were analysed from each bulk. For three markers i.e., OPA11-6, OPA20-3 and OPB10-19, the similar pattern as in bulks was consistently shown
5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 109 by individual fluorescent and nonfluorescent plants (Table 5.10). The OPA11-6 and OPA20-3 were linked with fluorescence in coupling phase whereas the OPB10-19 in a repulsion phase (Figure 5.4). These three fragments were considered to be putative markers for fluorescence and were successfully validated for their specificity on three L. multiflorum and two L. perenne cultivars (Table 5.11). Two markers, OPA20-3 and OPB10-19 were confirmed in both species whereas the OPA11-6 marker was confirmed only in L. multiflorum. In Asso, the OPB10-19 was probably in different linkage phase than in the other cultivars. None of these markers were successful in discrimination of fluorescent and nonfluorescent plants in Atalja
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This research was done within the E
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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8 CONTENTS 4.4.4. Role of transposo
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10 CONTENTS 9.3.2. Similarity of ge
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12 1. INTRODUCTION
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14 1. INTRODUCTION occasionally use
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16 1. INTRODUCTION On the basis of
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18 1. INTRODUCTION The evidences fr
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20 1. INTRODUCTION overlap between
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22 1. INTRODUCTION et al. 2000; Cat
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24 1. INTRODUCTION According to the
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26 1. INTRODUCTION 1.6. APPLICATION
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28 1. INTRODUCTION of evolution wit
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30 1. INTRODUCTION are continuously
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2. GOALS The aim of this research w
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3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF L. MU
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36 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... fo
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38 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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40 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... Wi
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42 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... va
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44 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... 3.
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46 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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48 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... in
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50 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... pl
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52 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... di
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4. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF L. MULTIFLO
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56 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deed con
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7. ROLE OF QTL s IN THE EARLY EVOLU
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160 7. ROLE OF QTLs IN THE EARLY EV
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196 8. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE G
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9. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWE
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224 9. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS..
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10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.1. INTRODU
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238 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.3. DNA
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240 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY method. H
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242 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY alleles p
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244 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY proportio
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246 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.7. CON
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248 11. CONCLUSIONS ABOUT EVOLUTION
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250 12, LITERATURE CITED Bączkiewi
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252 12, LITERATURE CITED Clayton WD
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254 12, LITERATURE CITED Giddings G
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256 12, LITERATURE CITED Jing R, Kn
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258 12, LITERATURE CITED MacDonald
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260 12, LITERATURE CITED Payne RC,
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262 12, LITERATURE CITED Schiex T,
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264 12, LITERATURE CITED United Sta
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266 12, LITERATURE CITED Zielinski
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268 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS pla
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270 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
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274 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ANN
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280 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Ann
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290 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS •
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292 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS The
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296 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS fie
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The average gene diversity between
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306 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Unb
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308 14. ABBREVIATIONS Lolcopia1 - L
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310 14. ABBREVIATIONS Drosophila wi
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312 14. ABBREVIATIONS Saccharomyces
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314 15. SUMMARY At different stages
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316 15. SUMMARY L. multiflorum mito
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REVIEWERS’ COMMENTS With a great
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