Untitled

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The average gene diversity between subpopulations, D ST (Eq. 13.15.12) 304 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Gene diversities (heterozygosity) in populations divided into subpopulations The method enables to divide the genomic variation into the interpopulational and intrapopulational variation. Gene diversity in the total population (total gene diversity), H T H T = 1 - J T (Eq. 13.15.9) (Eq. 13.15.10) p ki p kl s – the frequency of the i th allele in the k th subpopulation – the frequency of the i th allele in the l th subpopulation – the number of subpopulations the gene identity in the k th subpopulation the gene identity between the k th and l th subpopulation The average gene diversity within subpopulations, H S (Eq. 13.15.11) H k s – the gene diversity in the k th subpopulation – the number of subpopulations H T H S – the gene diversity in the total population – the average gene diversity within subpopulations
13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 305 F statistics The method enables to divide the genomic variation into the interpopulational and intrapopulational variation. The coefficient of gene differentiation, G ST (Eq. 13.15.13) G ST – the average gene diversity between subpopulations – the gene diversity in the total population H T When there are two alleles at a locus, as in dominant DNA markers, this G ST is equal to Wright’s F ST and it is relatively insensitive to assumptions about Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium, heterozygosity and levels of inbreeding. The fixation indices, F IT , F IS They are useful for understanding the breeding structure. They can be computed for the group of populations and for individual alleles and then averaged for a population (Eq. 13.15.14) F IT H T – the deficiency or excess of average heterozygotes in a group of populations – the gene diversity in the total population (Eq. 13.15.15) F IS H S – the deficiency or excess of average heterozygotes in each population – the average gene diversity Nei’s genetic identity and distance Genetic distance is the extent of gene differences between populations or species. It can be measured as the number of nucleotide substitutions per locus. It can be estimated from polymorphism data. The principle of this method is that any difference in electrophoretic mobility (including lack of a band) is caused by at least one nucleotide difference at the DNA level and thus the average number of nucleotide differences per DNA fragment can be estimated from fragment frequency data. Isoenzymes detect only about 1/4 of amino acid substitutions in protein. Therefore to estimate the actual number of codon differences, the genetic distance must be multiplied by 4.
Page 4 and 5:
This research was done within the E
Page 6 and 7:
Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 8 and 9:
8 CONTENTS 4.4.4. Role of transposo
Page 10 and 11:
10 CONTENTS 9.3.2. Similarity of ge
Page 12 and 13:
12 1. INTRODUCTION
Page 14 and 15:
14 1. INTRODUCTION occasionally use
Page 16 and 17:
16 1. INTRODUCTION On the basis of
Page 18 and 19:
18 1. INTRODUCTION The evidences fr
Page 20 and 21:
20 1. INTRODUCTION overlap between
Page 22 and 23:
22 1. INTRODUCTION et al. 2000; Cat
Page 24 and 25:
24 1. INTRODUCTION According to the
Page 26 and 27:
26 1. INTRODUCTION 1.6. APPLICATION
Page 28 and 29:
28 1. INTRODUCTION of evolution wit
Page 30 and 31:
30 1. INTRODUCTION are continuously
Page 32 and 33:
2. GOALS The aim of this research w
Page 34 and 35:
3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF L. MU
Page 36 and 37:
36 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... fo
Page 38 and 39:
38 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
Page 40 and 41:
40 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... Wi
Page 42 and 43:
42 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... va
Page 44 and 45:
44 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... 3.
Page 46 and 47:
46 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
Page 48 and 49:
48 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... in
Page 50 and 51:
50 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... pl
Page 52 and 53:
52 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... di
Page 54 and 55:
4. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF L. MULTIFLO
Page 56 and 57:
56 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deed con
Page 58 and 59:
58 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.2.2. D
Page 60 and 61:
60 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY...
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
64 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... RAPD and
Page 66 and 67:
66 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... SSAP pol
Page 68 and 69:
68 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... It can b
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
72 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... than wit
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
82 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... power of
Page 84 and 85:
84 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... Hamrick
Page 86 and 87:
86 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deviatio
Page 88 and 89:
88 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... individu
Page 90 and 91:
90 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... (inversi
Page 92 and 93:
92 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... related
Page 94 and 95:
94 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... cies and
Page 96 and 97:
96 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... their sp
Page 98 and 99:
98 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.5. CON
Page 100 and 101:
100 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Applic
Page 102 and 103:
102 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.2.2.
Page 104 and 105:
104 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3. R
Page 106 and 107:
106 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... very l
Page 108 and 109:
108 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3.4.
Page 110 and 111:
110 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.4. D
Page 112 and 113:
112 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... A seco
Page 114 and 115:
114 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Perhap
Page 116 and 117:
6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES EXIST
Page 118 and 119:
118 6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES...
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
7. ROLE OF QTL s IN THE EARLY EVOLU
Page 160 and 161:
160 7. ROLE OF QTLs IN THE EARLY EV
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
196 8. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE G
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
9. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWE
Page 224 and 225:
224 9. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS..
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.1. INTRODU
Page 238 and 239:
238 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.3. DNA
Page 240 and 241:
240 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY method. H
Page 242 and 243:
242 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY alleles p
Page 244 and 245:
244 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY proportio
Page 246 and 247:
246 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.7. CON
Page 248 and 249:
248 11. CONCLUSIONS ABOUT EVOLUTION
Page 250 and 251:
250 12, LITERATURE CITED Bączkiewi
Page 252 and 253:
252 12, LITERATURE CITED Clayton WD
Page 254 and 255: 254 12, LITERATURE CITED Giddings G
Page 256 and 257: 256 12, LITERATURE CITED Jing R, Kn
Page 258 and 259: 258 12, LITERATURE CITED MacDonald
Page 260 and 261: 260 12, LITERATURE CITED Payne RC,
Page 262 and 263: 262 12, LITERATURE CITED Schiex T,
Page 264 and 265: 264 12, LITERATURE CITED United Sta
Page 266 and 267: 266 12, LITERATURE CITED Zielinski
Page 268 and 269: 268 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS pla
Page 270 and 271: 270 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
Page 274 and 275: 274 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ANN
Page 280 and 281: 280 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Ann
Page 290 and 291: 290 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS •
Page 292 and 293: 292 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS The
Page 296 and 297: 296 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS fie
Page 306 and 307: 306 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Unb
Page 308 and 309: 308 14. ABBREVIATIONS Lolcopia1 - L
Page 310 and 311: 310 14. ABBREVIATIONS Drosophila wi
Page 312 and 313: 312 14. ABBREVIATIONS Saccharomyces
Page 314 and 315: 314 15. SUMMARY At different stages
Page 316 and 317: 316 15. SUMMARY L. multiflorum mito
Page 318 and 319: REVIEWERS’ COMMENTS With a great
show all

Untitled

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?