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254 12, LITERATURE CITED Giddings G. 2000. Modelling the spread of pollen from Lolium perenne. The implication for release of wind-pollinated transgenics. Theor Appl Genet 100:971-974. Gill GP, Wilcox PL, Whittaker DJ, Winz RA, Bickerstaff P, Echt CE, Kent J et al. 2006. A framework linkage map of perennial ryegrass based on SSR markers. Genome 49:354-364. Gilliland TJ, Coll R, Calsyn E, De Loose M, van Eijk MJT, Roldan-Ruiz I. 2000. Estimating genetic conformity between related ryegrass (Lolium) varieties. 1. Morphology and biochemical characterisation. Mol Breed 6:569-580. Goncharenko GG, Silin AE, Padutov VE. 1994. Allozyme variation in natural populations of Eurasian pines. III. Population structure, diversity, differentiation and gene flow in central and isolated populations of Pinus sylvestris L. in Eastern Europe and Siberia. Silvae Genet 43:119-132. GrainGenes: A database for Triticeae and Avena. [database on the Internet]. [cited 2007 April 29]. USDA: Agricultural Research Service. Available from: http//grain.jouy.inra.fr/GG2/index. shtml. Greneche M, Lallemand J, Michaud O. 1991. Comparison of different enzyme loci as a means of distinguishing ryegrass varieties by electrophoresis. Seed Sci Technol 19:147-158. Gribbon BM, Pearce SR, Kalendar R, Schulman AH, Paulin L, Jack P, Kumar A, Flavell AJ. 1999. Phylogeny and transpositional activity of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in cereal genomes. Mol Gen Genet 261:883-891. Gulsen O, Shearman RC, Vogel KP, Lee DJ, Heng-Moss T. 2005. Organelle DNA diversity among buffalograsses from the Great Plains of North America determined by cpDNA and mtDNA RFLP. Crop Sci 45:186-192. Guadagnuolo R, Savova-Bianchi D, Keller-Senften, Felber F. 2001. Search for evidence of introgression of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) traits into sea barley (Hordeum marinum s.str. Huds.) and bearded wheatgrass (Elymus caninus L.) in central and northern Europe, using isozymes, RAPD and microsatellite markers. Theor Appl Genet 103:191-196. Guo Y-L, Ge S. 2005. Molecular phylogeny of Oryzeae (Poaceae) based on DNA sequences from chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear genomes. Am J Bot 92:1548-1558. Gupta SK, Charpe A, Prabhu KV, Haque QMR. 2006. Identification and validation of molecular markers linked to the leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 113:1027- 1036. Guthridge KM, Dupal MP, Jones ES, Smith KF, Forster JW. 2001. AFLP analysis of genetic diversity within and between populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Euphytica 122:191-201. Hamrick JL, Godt MJW. 1989. Allozyme diversity in plants. In: Brown AHD, Clegg MT, Kahler AL, Weir BS, editors. Plant population genetics, breeding and genetic resources. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers. p43-63. Hancock J. 2005. Contribution of domesticated plant studies to our understanding of plant evolution. Ann Bot 96:953-963. Hannaway D., Fransen S., Cropper J., Teel M., Chaney M., Griggs T., Halse R., Hart J., Cheeke P., Hansen D., Klinger R., Lane W. 1999. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). PNW [Internet]. [cited 2006 Aug 31]; 503. Available from: http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/News/ Publicat/Hannaway/PerRye/complete.html.
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This research was done within the E
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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8 CONTENTS 4.4.4. Role of transposo
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10 CONTENTS 9.3.2. Similarity of ge
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12 1. INTRODUCTION
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14 1. INTRODUCTION occasionally use
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16 1. INTRODUCTION On the basis of
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18 1. INTRODUCTION The evidences fr
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20 1. INTRODUCTION overlap between
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22 1. INTRODUCTION et al. 2000; Cat
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24 1. INTRODUCTION According to the
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26 1. INTRODUCTION 1.6. APPLICATION
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28 1. INTRODUCTION of evolution wit
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30 1. INTRODUCTION are continuously
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2. GOALS The aim of this research w
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3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF L. MU
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36 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... fo
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38 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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40 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... Wi
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42 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... va
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44 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... 3.
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46 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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48 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... in
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50 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... pl
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52 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... di
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4. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF L. MULTIFLO
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56 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deed con
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58 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.2.2. D
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60 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY...
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64 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... RAPD and
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66 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... SSAP pol
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68 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... It can b
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72 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... than wit
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82 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... power of
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84 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... Hamrick
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86 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deviatio
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88 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... individu
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90 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... (inversi
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92 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... related
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94 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... cies and
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96 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... their sp
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98 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.5. CON
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100 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Applic
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102 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.2.2.
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104 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3. R
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106 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... very l
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108 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3.4.
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110 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.4. D
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112 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... A seco
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114 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Perhap
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6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES EXIST
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118 6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES...
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7. ROLE OF QTL s IN THE EARLY EVOLU
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160 7. ROLE OF QTLs IN THE EARLY EV
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196 8. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE G
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Page 204 and 205: 204 8. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE G
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Page 236 and 237: 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.1. INTRODU
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Page 248 and 249: 248 11. CONCLUSIONS ABOUT EVOLUTION
Page 250 and 251: 250 12, LITERATURE CITED Bączkiewi
Page 252 and 253: 252 12, LITERATURE CITED Clayton WD
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Page 258 and 259: 258 12, LITERATURE CITED MacDonald
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Page 262 and 263: 262 12, LITERATURE CITED Schiex T,
Page 264 and 265: 264 12, LITERATURE CITED United Sta
Page 266 and 267: 266 12, LITERATURE CITED Zielinski
Page 268 and 269: 268 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS pla
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Page 274 and 275: 274 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ANN
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The average gene diversity between
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306 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Unb
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308 14. ABBREVIATIONS Lolcopia1 - L
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310 14. ABBREVIATIONS Drosophila wi
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312 14. ABBREVIATIONS Saccharomyces
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314 15. SUMMARY At different stages
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316 15. SUMMARY L. multiflorum mito
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REVIEWERS’ COMMENTS With a great
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