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308 14. ABBREVIATIONS Lolcopia1 – Lolium Ty1-copia retrotransposon Lolcopia2 – Lolium Ty1-copia retrotransposon LOLITS – ITS region of L. perenne ssp. perenne LOLMTI – L. multiflorum mitochondrial gene LOLPISO5A – L. perenne gene encoding pollen allergen Lol p I LOLPISO1A – 3’end of L. perenne gene encoding pollen allergen Lol pI LOLLOPIB – L. perenne gene encoding pollen allergen Lol p I b LTHAB – L. temulentum nuclear gene encoding chlorophyll binding protein type II LSD – Least Significant Difference matK – chloroplast gene encoding maturase MDH – Malate dehydrogenase NAD-dependent, gene(s) – Mdh MDHP – Malate dehydrogenase NADP-dependent, gene(s) – Mdhp MYA – Million years ago multiflorum – L. perenne ssp. multiflorum ndhF – chloroplast gene encoding a subunit of chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase PCA – Principal Component Analysis PER – Peroxidases, gene(s) – Per perenne – L. perenne ssp. perenne PGM – Phosphoglucomutase, gene(s) – Pgm PGDH – Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, gene(s) – Pgdh PHY – the phytochrome gene family pol – M. tuberculosis gene used in B-SAP psbC – chloroplast gene encoding the photosystem II core polypeptide subunit P6 (psII 44 KD protein) PVE – Phenotypic variance explained QTL – Quantitative Trait Loci rbcL – chloroplast gene encoding the large subunit of 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase rpoC2 – chloroplast gene encoding ß-subunit of RNA polymerase rpo – M. tuberculosis gene used in B-SAP rps4 – chloroplast gene encoding the S4 subunit of plastid ribosome RAPD – Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA rDNA – nuclear ribosomal DNA 5.8S rDNA – nuclear gene encoding 5.8S rRNA 18S rDNA – nuclear gene encoding 18S rRNA (small subunit) 26S rDNA – nuclear gene encoding 26S rRNA (large subunit) RFLP – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism RUBISCO – 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase S, Z – self-incompatibility loci SKDK – Shikimate dehydrogenase, gene(s) – Skdh SOD – Superoxide dismutase, gene(s) – Sod SRF – Seedling Root Fluorescence
14. ABBREVIATIONS 309 SSAP SSR STS tb1 Tcb1-s, tcb1 Tpo1 tRNA-leu trnF trnL trnS trnL-F Trx waxy UPGMA – Sequence Specific Amplification Polymorphism – Simple Sequence Repeats – Sequence Tagged Sites – teosinte branched1 – maize locus responsible for transition from teosinte to maize – maize locus responsible for hybridization with teosinte – Lolium DNA transposon from CACTA family – spacer between genes encoding leucine tRNA – chloroplast gene encoding tRNA-Phe (GAA) – chloroplast intron ranging from 350-600 bp – chloroplast gene encoding tRNA-Ser (UGA) – the intergenic spacer between the trnL exon and the trnF gene – L. perenne thioredoxin gene – granule bound starch synthase gene – Unweighted Pair Group Method with arithmetic Averages 14.2. SPECIES LATIN NAMES AND COMMON NAMES Aconitum columbianum 4.4.3 Aconitum noveboracense 4.4.3 Aegilops cylindrical 9.3 Agave deserti 4.4.3 Agrostis capillaries 5.4 Agrostis palustris 5.4 Aneura pinquis 3.5; 8.1 Avena fatua 9.3 Avena sativa 4.4.4; 6.2.2; 6.3.1; 9.2; 9.3 Avena strigosa bristle oat 1.5; 9.2; 9.3 Avena wiestii 9.3 Arabidopsis thaliana arabidopsis 4.4.3, 7.4.2; 9.2; 9.3 Arabidopsis lyrata 4.4.3 Arrhenatherum elatius 9.3 Bromus tectorum 4.4.1 Buchloe dactyloides 4.4.2 Calamagrostis arundinacea 6.4.3 Conocephalus conicum 8.1 Conocephalum salebrosum 8.1 Dactylis glomerata 9.3 Delphinium variegatum 4.4.3 Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly 4.4.4
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This research was done within the E
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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8 CONTENTS 4.4.4. Role of transposo
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10 CONTENTS 9.3.2. Similarity of ge
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12 1. INTRODUCTION
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14 1. INTRODUCTION occasionally use
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16 1. INTRODUCTION On the basis of
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18 1. INTRODUCTION The evidences fr
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20 1. INTRODUCTION overlap between
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22 1. INTRODUCTION et al. 2000; Cat
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24 1. INTRODUCTION According to the
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26 1. INTRODUCTION 1.6. APPLICATION
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28 1. INTRODUCTION of evolution wit
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30 1. INTRODUCTION are continuously
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2. GOALS The aim of this research w
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3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF L. MU
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36 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... fo
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38 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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40 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... Wi
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42 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... va
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44 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... 3.
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46 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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48 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... in
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50 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... pl
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52 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... di
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4. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF L. MULTIFLO
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56 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deed con
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58 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.2.2. D
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60 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY...
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64 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... RAPD and
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66 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... SSAP pol
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68 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... It can b
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72 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... than wit
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82 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... power of
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84 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... Hamrick
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86 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deviatio
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88 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... individu
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90 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... (inversi
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92 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... related
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94 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... cies and
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96 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... their sp
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98 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.5. CON
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100 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Applic
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102 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.2.2.
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104 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3. R
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106 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... very l
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108 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3.4.
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110 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.4. D
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112 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... A seco
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114 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Perhap
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6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES EXIST
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118 6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES...
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7. ROLE OF QTL s IN THE EARLY EVOLU
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160 7. ROLE OF QTLs IN THE EARLY EV
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196 8. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE G
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9. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWE
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224 9. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS..
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10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.1. INTRODU
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238 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.3. DNA
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240 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY method. H
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242 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY alleles p
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244 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY proportio
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246 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.7. CON
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248 11. CONCLUSIONS ABOUT EVOLUTION
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250 12, LITERATURE CITED Bączkiewi
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252 12, LITERATURE CITED Clayton WD
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254 12, LITERATURE CITED Giddings G
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256 12, LITERATURE CITED Jing R, Kn
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Page 268 and 269: 268 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS pla
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Page 274 and 275: 274 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ANN
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Page 304 and 305: The average gene diversity between
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Page 310 and 311: 310 14. ABBREVIATIONS Drosophila wi
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Page 314 and 315: 314 15. SUMMARY At different stages
Page 316 and 317: 316 15. SUMMARY L. multiflorum mito
Page 318 and 319: REVIEWERS’ COMMENTS With a great
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