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266 12, LITERATURE CITED Zielinski R, Polok K, Wójcik-Pater I. 1997. Application of isoenzymes and RAPD-PCR in studies on genetic similarity of Lolium perenne L. and L. multiflorum Lam. In: Staszewski Z, Młyniec W, Osiński R, editors. Proceedings of the 20 th eeting of EUCARPIA Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section on ecological aspects of breeding fodder crops and amenity grasses. 1996 October 7-10; Radzików, Poland: IHAR. p 370-376. Zielinski R, Wachowiak-Zielinska M. 1995. Genetic structure of a single population of Pleurozium schreberi (Musci, Hylocomiaceae) detected by isozyme electrophoresis. Frag Flor Geobot 40: 425-435. Zhang J, Peterson T. 2004. Transposition of reversed Ac element ends generates chromosome rearrangements in maize. Genetics 167:1929-1937. Zhao MF, Li XH, Yang JB, Xu CG, Hu RY, Liu DJ, Zhang Q. 1999. Relationships between molecular marker heterozygosity and hybrid performance in intra- and inter subspecific crosses of rice. Plant Breeding 118:139-144. References according to: Council of Science Editors [CSE] Style Manual Committee. 2006. Scientific style and format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers. 7 th edition Reston: The Council. Journal abbreviations according to ISI
13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS In the studies variety of approaches and materials were used to address questions about genetic diversity and evolution of the genus Lolium as well as to elucidate the genetics of chosen characters. Many of them were modified or even new techniques were introduced. Researchers employ molecular techniques, modify them and it is a good practice to present a detailed methodology in each paper. It is invaluable for anybody who would like to follow the procedures for own studies or to follow the presented work in more details. On the other hand, such a description of methodology in a book may be perceived as somehow schoolish and unnecessary or even making difficult to follow the results, which are lost in the sea of details. In the high quality journals quite a new trend has been observed more and more frequently. This is a limitation of technical descriptions to those absolutely necessary to understand the text and logic of an experiment while the details are provided on line for everyone interested in them. It makes the text clear and at the same time provides an easy availability to experimental details. This idea was used here, that is only the most important information providing the logic of experiments is given in the body text whereas all details are added as supplementary materials for all interested in using these methods or follow the experiments in more details. ANNEX 13.1. MATERIAL USED IN THE ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In total 45 populations were used at different stages of the analyses (Table 13.1.1). These included 6 ecotypes and 11 cultivars of L. multiflorum, 14 ecotypes and 12 cultivars of L. perenne, and additionally 2 cultivars of L. hybridum. All Italian ryegrass ecotypes originated from West and South Europe, while most perennial ryegrass ecotypes were collected in Denmark and Norway and were obtained from the Nordic Gene Bank. The majority of studied cultivars were bred in Europe and they were provided by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) or Polish breeding stations. The overall design of field experiments and plant development is presented in Figure 13.1.1. Seeds from all L. multiflorum and L. perenne populations were germinated in dark at 24 o C for six days and then they were transferred onto the glass plates covered with white filter paper in order to estimate the level of fluorescence of seminal roots (Annex 13.2). This test was used to confirm the species identity in addition to morphological characters. Seedling roots of L. multiflorum fluoresce when placed under UV light, and those of L. perenne do not fluoresce. The plants with faint fluorescence (+/-) were discarded and only plants whose roots had brilliant fluorescence (+) and those that did not show evidence of fluorescence (-) were used in further analyses. Selected seedlings were transplanted to 6.0 by 10.0 cm
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This research was done within the E
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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8 CONTENTS 4.4.4. Role of transposo
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10 CONTENTS 9.3.2. Similarity of ge
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12 1. INTRODUCTION
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14 1. INTRODUCTION occasionally use
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16 1. INTRODUCTION On the basis of
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18 1. INTRODUCTION The evidences fr
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20 1. INTRODUCTION overlap between
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22 1. INTRODUCTION et al. 2000; Cat
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24 1. INTRODUCTION According to the
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26 1. INTRODUCTION 1.6. APPLICATION
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28 1. INTRODUCTION of evolution wit
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30 1. INTRODUCTION are continuously
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2. GOALS The aim of this research w
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3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF L. MU
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36 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... fo
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38 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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40 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... Wi
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42 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... va
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44 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... 3.
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46 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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48 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... in
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50 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... pl
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52 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... di
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4. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF L. MULTIFLO
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56 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deed con
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58 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.2.2. D
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60 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY...
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64 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... RAPD and
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66 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... SSAP pol
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68 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... It can b
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72 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... than wit
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82 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... power of
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84 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... Hamrick
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86 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deviatio
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88 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... individu
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90 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... (inversi
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92 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... related
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94 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... cies and
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96 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... their sp
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98 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.5. CON
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100 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Applic
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102 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.2.2.
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104 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3. R
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106 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... very l
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108 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.3.4.
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110 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... 5.4. D
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112 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... A seco
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114 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Perhap
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6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES EXIST
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118 6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES...
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7. ROLE OF QTL s IN THE EARLY EVOLU
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160 7. ROLE OF QTLs IN THE EARLY EV
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196 8. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE G
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Page 216 and 217: 216 8. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE G
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Page 248 and 249: 248 11. CONCLUSIONS ABOUT EVOLUTION
Page 250 and 251: 250 12, LITERATURE CITED Bączkiewi
Page 252 and 253: 252 12, LITERATURE CITED Clayton WD
Page 254 and 255: 254 12, LITERATURE CITED Giddings G
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Page 258 and 259: 258 12, LITERATURE CITED MacDonald
Page 260 and 261: 260 12, LITERATURE CITED Payne RC,
Page 262 and 263: 262 12, LITERATURE CITED Schiex T,
Page 264 and 265: 264 12, LITERATURE CITED United Sta
Page 268 and 269: 268 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS pla
Page 270 and 271: 270 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
Page 274 and 275: 274 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ANN
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Page 292 and 293: 292 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS The
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Page 308 and 309: 308 14. ABBREVIATIONS Lolcopia1 - L
Page 310 and 311: 310 14. ABBREVIATIONS Drosophila wi
Page 312 and 313: 312 14. ABBREVIATIONS Saccharomyces
Page 314 and 315: 314 15. SUMMARY At different stages
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316 15. SUMMARY L. multiflorum mito
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REVIEWERS’ COMMENTS With a great
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