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142 6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES.... In general, these markers segregated in the expected 3:1 ratio, and only three of them were skewed, all towards the presence of a band. Overall, with regard to observed magnitudes of DNA marker distortions, data from the L. multiflorum x L. perenne mapping population documented a relatively little genetic incompatibilities between both taxa. The majority of markers segregated in the Mendelian fashion, and distortions were mainly attributable to transposons. Segregation of enzymatic markers in intra- and interspecific crosses Whether the observed level of marker distortions in the interspecific population, BR3 x NZ15 was low or not the comparisons were made between this population, another interspecific population, HU5 x BO2, and two intraspecific populations representing L. multiflorum and L. perenne. However, to maintain a realistic size of experiment, only enzymatic markers were used. Surprisingly, the proportion of distorted enzymatic loci did not differ in inter- and intraspecific crosses. In all populations single-locus segregations were consisted with the expected 1:2:1 ratio or 3:1 ratio in a case of null alleles at about 70% of loci (Table 6.10). Significant segregation distortions were indicated by chi-square analysis for six loci including Est2, Est4, Mdhp2, Per1, Pgdh1 and Sod1. The highest fraction of distorted markers (50%) was observed in the intraspecific cross of L. multiflorum whereas no distorted segregation was found in the interspecific cross between L. perenne (HU5) and L. multiflorum (BO2). In the remaining two crosses (BR3 x NZ15; KY20 x BB6) significant segregation distortions were indicated for 25% of loci. There was no tendency in favour of female or male parent alleles. However, the most obvious trend was an excess of heterozygotes at the majority of distorted loci such as Per1 in the interspecific cross BR3 x NZ15, Est2 in the intraspecific cross VA7 x AS17 and Mdhp2 in both these crosses. This type of distortions was accompanied by an excess of fast alleles in the cross BR3 x NZ15. The opposite trend, a deficiency of heterozygotes, was found at Pgdh1 in the BR3 x NZ15 population. The most extreme distortion as indicated by χ 2 was seen at the Est2 locus in L. multiflorum population (VA7 x AS17) at which almost no slow alleles were observed and at Sod1 in L. multiflorum x L. perenne population (BR3 x NZ15) that, in turn, was characterized by an ex-
6. DO ANY SPECIES BOUNDARIES... 143 cess of the slow allele. Interestingly, Mdhp2 was the only locus, at which segregation was observed in two F 2 populations, in the interspecific, BR3 x NZ15, and intraspecific, VA7 x AS17, and in both of them frequencies of alleles deviated significantly from the Mendelian ratios.
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This research was done within the E
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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8 CONTENTS 4.4.4. Role of transposo
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10 CONTENTS 9.3.2. Similarity of ge
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12 1. INTRODUCTION
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14 1. INTRODUCTION occasionally use
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16 1. INTRODUCTION On the basis of
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18 1. INTRODUCTION The evidences fr
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20 1. INTRODUCTION overlap between
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22 1. INTRODUCTION et al. 2000; Cat
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24 1. INTRODUCTION According to the
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26 1. INTRODUCTION 1.6. APPLICATION
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28 1. INTRODUCTION of evolution wit
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30 1. INTRODUCTION are continuously
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2. GOALS The aim of this research w
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3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF L. MU
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36 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... fo
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38 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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40 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... Wi
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42 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... va
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44 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... 3.
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46 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION...
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48 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... in
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50 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... pl
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52 3. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION... di
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4. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF L. MULTIFLO
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56 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deed con
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58 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... 4.2.2. D
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60 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY...
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64 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... RAPD and
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66 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... SSAP pol
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68 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... It can b
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72 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... than wit
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82 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... power of
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84 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... Hamrick
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86 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... deviatio
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88 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... individu
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90 4. GENETIC DIVERSITY... (inversi
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Page 114 and 115: 114 5. ORIGIN OF SEEDLING... Perhap
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192 7. ROLE OF QTLs IN THE EARLY EV
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194 7. ROLE OF QTLs IN THE EARLY EV
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196 8. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THE G
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9. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWE
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224 9. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS..
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10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.1. INTRODU
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238 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.3. DNA
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240 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY method. H
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242 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY alleles p
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244 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY proportio
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246 10. MARKER EFFICIENCY 10.7. CON
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248 11. CONCLUSIONS ABOUT EVOLUTION
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250 12, LITERATURE CITED Bączkiewi
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252 12, LITERATURE CITED Clayton WD
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254 12, LITERATURE CITED Giddings G
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256 12, LITERATURE CITED Jing R, Kn
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258 12, LITERATURE CITED MacDonald
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260 12, LITERATURE CITED Payne RC,
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262 12, LITERATURE CITED Schiex T,
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264 12, LITERATURE CITED United Sta
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266 12, LITERATURE CITED Zielinski
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268 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS pla
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270 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
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274 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS ANN
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280 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Ann
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290 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS •
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292 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS The
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296 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS fie
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The average gene diversity between
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306 13. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Unb
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308 14. ABBREVIATIONS Lolcopia1 - L
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310 14. ABBREVIATIONS Drosophila wi
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312 14. ABBREVIATIONS Saccharomyces
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314 15. SUMMARY At different stages
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316 15. SUMMARY L. multiflorum mito
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REVIEWERS’ COMMENTS With a great
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