gas hydrate - CCOP

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PROPERTIES OF ANTHRACITE The coals from the SCCF and CNCF are representatively chosen to compare characteristic properties between Permian and Jurassic coals in Korea. Macerals of anthracites consist predominantly of vitrinite and inertinite with lesser amounts of graphinite, impregnite and mottlite, which are seldom observed in the bituminous coal or lignite (Park & Shibaoka, 1987). The formation of graphinite, impregnite and mottlite seems to be primarily controlled by pressure rather than temperature. Vitrinite comprises mostly telocollinite in the SCCF, while it is represented by desmocollinite in the CNCF. Their difference in vitrinite contents suggests that the sedimentation of coal-bearing strata of the SCCF, compared to the CNCF, occurred in a more stable depositional environment. The lithological characteristics of coal-bearing strata in the SCCF (Permian) and CNCF (Jurassic) are presented in Table 2. The degrees of coalification in the Permian and Jurassic anthracites are in the range of 4.6 to 6.1 (Rmoil) and 3.3 to 4.3 (Rmoil), respectively (Figure 6). The average of vitrinite brief lectance (Ro max-min) is 2.61 from the SCCF, while it is 3.53 from the CNCF, suggesting that the former is in the late stage of qualification and the latter is in the stage of graphitization (Table 3). The X-Ray diffraction pattern also shows that the Jurassic anthracite has a more perfect alignment than Permian anthracite. Table 4 represents the average chemical composition of the anthracite. The ash fusion temperature of Korean anthracite is higher than that of any anthracite in other parts of the world. The ignition temperature ranges from 420°C to 720°C (avg.: 553°C) and combustion velocity range is 0.6 mg/min ~2.8 mg/min (avg.: 1.4 mg/min). initial deformation: 1100°C - 1670°C (avg.: 1306°C) hemisphere: 1220°C - 1680°C (avg.: 1520°C) flowage: 1220°C - 1700+°C (avg.: 1556°C) Table 2. Lithologic characteristics of coal-bearing strata in the SCCF and CNCF Lithologic characteristics Samcheog Chungnam (Carbo-Permian) (Jurassic) thickness of coal bearing strata number of coal seams average seam thickness aggregate thickness of coal average proportion of coal in measures Associated rock 170 m 5 - 7 0.8m 5m 2.9% ss, sh, ls 1800m 25 - 30 0.2m 6m 0.3% cong, ss, sh depositional environment deltaic lacustrine basin stability stable unstable tectonic movement not active active 124 New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region - Gas Hydrates and Coalbed Methane
Figure 6. Relationship between Ro max and Ro min of coals in the SCCF and CNCF (after Diessel, 1983) Table 3. Vitrinite reflectance of anthracite in the SCCF and CNCF (in oil) Vitrinite reflectance Samcheog (Permian) Chungnam (Jurassic) Average Range Average Range Rmax 6.63 5.72 - 7.80 5.92 5.02 - 6.77 Rmean 5.28 4.63 - 6.11 3.93 3.28 - 4.32 Rmin 4.02 3.33 - 4.62 2.39 1.67 - 2.76 Rmax-min 2.61 1.14 - 3.70 3.53 2.71 - 5.10 COALBED METHANE (CBM) OF ANTHRACITE IN THE SCCF Most of coals are anthracite to meta-anthracite having with 3.5~5.5% of Ro. The amount of producible CBM is estimated as up to 1.3 Tft 3 according to the calculations of Eddy et al (1982), on the basis of 1.5 billion metric tons as total reserves. The SCCF and CNCF are the areas of greatest potential amongst the coalfields of South Korea as they are the largest, have well-documented lithostratigaphies, contain thick coal seams, and include many historically gassy coal mines (Figure 7). New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region - Gas Hydrates and Coalbed Methane 125
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Coordinating Committee for Geoscien
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Thematic Session on New Energy Reso
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CONTENTS Page OPENING REMARKS……
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OPENING REMARKS by Chen Shik Pei Di
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WELCOME ADDRESS by Tai-Sup Lee Pres
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WELCOME ADDRESS by Keun-Pil Park Di
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CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS by David Pri
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PART I GAS HYDRATE: EXPLORATION, RE
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Partial differential equations for
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the follo
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REFERENCES Berner R. A. (1980) Earl
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features of the seabed than those o
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secure the stability of the solutio
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trends depending on the following f
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Organic carbon in sediments is of i
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Sedimentological and Geochemical As
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Figure 3. Sedimentation rate of the
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Marine Gas Hydrate off W. Canada an
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Several methods for computing the Q
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0.035 0.03 Amplitude 0.025 0.02 0.0
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60 50 Amplitude 40 30 20 10 0 0 50
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REFERENCES Dallimore, S.R. and T.S.
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Frequency % 20 16 12 8 HAMA #5, MV=
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Figure 3. Experimental procedures f
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Figure 7 shows two cases of the com
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Seismic Characteristics of Gas Hydr
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Purpose The purpose of this paper i
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The dissociation zone created by th
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hydrate that forms near the wellbor
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dissociation, composite thermal con
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Figure 9. The Advanced Light Source
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Experimental Studies and Developmen
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Natural gas hydrate exploitation an
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Natural gas Free gas layer Figure 5
Page 70 and 71: Figure 7. One-dimensional developme
Page 72 and 73: Temper at ur e 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
Page 74 and 75: From the above discussion, the heat
Page 76 and 77: INTRODUCTION Clathrate hydrates are
Page 78 and 79: MATHEMATICAL MODEL The mathematical
Page 80 and 81: Where the hydrate-aqueous radius of
Page 82 and 83: REFERENCES Brooks, R.H., and A.T. C
Page 84 and 85: 86 New Energy Resources in the CCOP
Page 86 and 87: In this paper, an overview of the M
Page 88 and 89: The brief tasks in the Phase I are:
Page 90 and 91: In "Development of the dissociation
Page 92 and 93: Figure 5. Preparation equipment. AN
Page 94 and 95: Other recent research subjects in t
Page 96 and 97: same crystalline structure directly
Page 98 and 99: Another important aspect of the pre
Page 100 and 101: a + CO 2 CH 4 C 2 H 6 b CH 4 in sII
Page 102 and 103: REFERENCES Collett, T.S. and Kuuskr
Page 104 and 105: Figure 1. Physiographic and crust m
Page 106 and 107: Figure 3. Seismic profile showing s
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7. Distribution of echo char
Page 110 and 111: Figure 10. Seismic profile and its
Page 112 and 113: In the early stage of back-arc open
Page 114 and 115: PART II COALBED METHANE (CBM)
Page 116 and 117: Supply and demand infrastructure of
Page 118 and 119: Amisan, Jogyeri, Baegunsa, and Seon
Page 122 and 123: Table 4. Average chemical compositi
Page 124 and 125: CONCLUSIONS 1. Most of the coals em
Page 126 and 127: INTRODUCTION Coal (total reserves 2
Page 128 and 129: ีีีีีีีีี ั ิ
Page 130 and 131: RESULTS By Government: The outcomes
Page 132 and 133: The gas composition (12 samples ana
Page 134 and 135: Table 4. Coal Depth Interval Hole N
Page 136 and 137: The results of studies made on 11 c
Page 138 and 139: CONCLUSION CBM is still hoped to be
Page 140 and 141: The Government of Indonesia through
Page 142 and 143: The Berau basin is a major coal pro
Page 144 and 145: PP: CBM - 1 Rambutan (GOI Sponsor)
Page 146 and 147: Overview of Project for CO 2 Seques
Page 148 and 149: The organic geochemistry research g
Page 150 and 151: 3.5 25 3.0 20 Ar(%) C O 2(%) 2.5 2
Page 152 and 153: 20 8 10 0 6 δ13C of CO2(‰) -10 -
Page 154 and 155: Figure 1. Index map of Akabira Coal
Page 156: ORIGIN OF AKABIRA CBM In Akabira mi
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