gas hydrate - CCOP

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 4. Coal Depth Interval Hole Name TD. (m.) Coal Seam (m.) Coal Thickness (m.) MLO 2/47 308.00 274.70-283.60, 8.90 296.00-300.50 4.50 MLO 1/47 293.00 264.85-274.68, 9.83 285.50-291.20 5.70 MLP 1/47 317.00 262.00-272.00, 10.00 281.00-287.00 6.00 MLP 1/48 291.00 255.30-264.75, 9.45 274.60-279.12 4.52 Properties of coal Analytical results of the physical and chemical properties of coal from the production and observation wells are shown in Tables 5 and 6. Well no. Table 5. Analytical results of the coal including specific gravity, proximate analysis and heating value Specific gravity Proximate analysis (%) ( as received ) Moisture content Ash content Volatile matter Fixed carbon Heating value (Kcal/kg) Production well CBM-ML-P1/47 1.52 17.01 25.20 26.33 31.45 4,051.00 Observation well 1 CBM-ML-01/47 1.47 13.48 24.99 29.01 35.17 4,411.00 Observation well 2 CBM-ML-02/47 1.41 17.39 16.47 29.23 36.83 5,121.00 Production well CBM-ML-P1/48 1.52 16.92 30.15 25.65 27.28 3,722.75 Average value 1.48 16.20 24.2 27.56 32.68 3,461.15 Well no. Production well CBM-ML-01/47 Observation well 1 CBM-ML-01/47 Observation well 2 CBM-ML-02/47 Production well CBM-ML-01/48 Table 6. Results of the ultimate analysis Ultimate Analysis %w/w ( dry basis ) Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur Remarks % ashes 42.11 4.39 0.96 0.85 25.02 48.56 3.86 0.99 1.75 17.88 60.75 6.27 2.94 1.80 19.46 20.31 2.04 1.30 2.38 30.15 Average Value 42.93 4.14 1.55 1.70 - 138 New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region - Gas Hydrates and Coalbed Methane
The analyses show that the coal from the drilled wells have an average specific gravity of 1.48, moisture content of 16.2%, ash content of 24.2%, volatile matter of 27.56%, and fixed carbon of 32.68%. The values of moisture content and fixed carbon are low because of high inorganic content. The elemental analyses indicate that the coal is composed of 42.93% carbon, 4.14% hydrogen, 1.55% nitrogen, 1.7% sulfur, and the heating value is 3461.15 calories per gram. These values indicate that the coal from the Ma Lamao basin belongs to sub-bituminous to bituminous rank according to the ASTM standard. It should be noted that high ash content in the coal renders it of poor quality and the low carbon and hydrogen content may affect the quantity of coalbed methane. A coal petrographic study was conducted to determine the maturity of hydrocarbons. In addition, types of marcerals, cleats, and pore space in coal are key factors that determine the generation of coalbed methane. This study shows that the coal from the Mae Lamao basin consists of marcerals belonging to vitrain. The majority of marcerals belong to the humunite group, with subordinate liptinite, and rare inertinite. High amount of inorganic matter is observed and is largely made up of pyrite and silica replacing former cell wall and pore space in the coal. Vitrinite reflectance in oil (Ro) is 0.41% on average. The vitrinite reflectance of the upper coal bed is lower than that of the lower coal bed, suggesting that the lower coal bed has a higher coal rank than the upper coal bed, probably due to the effect of deeper burial. The low value of vitrinite reflectance indicates that the depth of burial is relatively shallow and gas and oil generation is immature. The study of the cleat system reveals that the upper coal bed has more cleats and has less mineral replacement than the lower coal bed. This allows the release of coalbed gases. However, due to its low maturity, the flammable gases are present in only small quantities. The lower coal bed is denser and is replaced by silica and pyrite that makes it relatively impervious, obstructing the flow of adsorbed gases. The study of small visible fractures in the rock and coal core samples from the production well indicates only a small number (53) of fractures representing an intensity of 0.5 fractures per 5 meter of core length. The majority of fractures is restricted to the depth of 170-260 meters and dip at high angles of between seventy and ninety degrees. These fractures are associated with coal beds and the high dips suggest that these fractures are part of the cleat system in the coal beds that facilitate an increase in the productivity of gases. Quantity and properties of coalbed gases Tests to determine quantity and properties of coalbed gases are considered to be the most important step in the study to obtain accurate and precise data for assessment of commercial coalbed methane development. Analyses of the quantity of methane gases is based on a desorption test by replacement water in the canister with the released gases. Procedures: An approximately 50 cm long core of coal was put in a canister as soon as possible after removing it from the drill hole. The amount of time that had elapsed since the coal was retrieved and removed from the drill together with the time taken to put coal into the canister and close the canister lid was recorded. The canister was placed in a water bath and the bottom temperature maintained at 39 degrees Celsius. For the first nine hours the amount of gas released was measured every fifteen minutes using a gas flow meter system. The measuring time was extended to120 days to obtain data for prediction of the gas production rate. New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region - Gas Hydrates and Coalbed Methane 139
Page 2 and 3:
Coordinating Committee for Geoscien
Page 4 and 5:
Thematic Session on New Energy Reso
Page 6 and 7:
CONTENTS Page OPENING REMARKS……
Page 8 and 9:
OPENING REMARKS by Chen Shik Pei Di
Page 10 and 11:
WELCOME ADDRESS by Tai-Sup Lee Pres
Page 12 and 13:
WELCOME ADDRESS by Keun-Pil Park Di
Page 14 and 15:
CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS by David Pri
Page 16 and 17:
PART I GAS HYDRATE: EXPLORATION, RE
Page 18 and 19:
Partial differential equations for
Page 20 and 21:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the follo
Page 22 and 23:
REFERENCES Berner R. A. (1980) Earl
Page 24 and 25:
features of the seabed than those o
Page 26 and 27:
secure the stability of the solutio
Page 28 and 29:
trends depending on the following f
Page 30 and 31:
Organic carbon in sediments is of i
Page 32 and 33:
Sedimentological and Geochemical As
Page 34 and 35:
Figure 3. Sedimentation rate of the
Page 36 and 37:
Marine Gas Hydrate off W. Canada an
Page 38 and 39:
Several methods for computing the Q
Page 40 and 41:
0.035 0.03 Amplitude 0.025 0.02 0.0
Page 42 and 43:
60 50 Amplitude 40 30 20 10 0 0 50
Page 44 and 45:
REFERENCES Dallimore, S.R. and T.S.
Page 46 and 47:
Frequency % 20 16 12 8 HAMA #5, MV=
Page 48 and 49:
Figure 3. Experimental procedures f
Page 50 and 51:
Figure 7 shows two cases of the com
Page 52 and 53:
Seismic Characteristics of Gas Hydr
Page 54 and 55:
Purpose The purpose of this paper i
Page 56 and 57:
The dissociation zone created by th
Page 58 and 59:
hydrate that forms near the wellbor
Page 60 and 61:
dissociation, composite thermal con
Page 62 and 63:
Figure 9. The Advanced Light Source
Page 64 and 65:
Experimental Studies and Developmen
Page 66 and 67:
Natural gas hydrate exploitation an
Page 68 and 69:
Natural gas Free gas layer Figure 5
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 7. One-dimensional developme
Page 72 and 73:
Temper at ur e 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
Page 74 and 75:
From the above discussion, the heat
Page 76 and 77:
INTRODUCTION Clathrate hydrates are
Page 78 and 79:
MATHEMATICAL MODEL The mathematical
Page 80 and 81:
Where the hydrate-aqueous radius of
Page 82 and 83:
REFERENCES Brooks, R.H., and A.T. C
Page 84 and 85: 86 New Energy Resources in the CCOP
Page 86 and 87: In this paper, an overview of the M
Page 88 and 89: The brief tasks in the Phase I are:
Page 90 and 91: In "Development of the dissociation
Page 92 and 93: Figure 5. Preparation equipment. AN
Page 94 and 95: Other recent research subjects in t
Page 96 and 97: same crystalline structure directly
Page 98 and 99: Another important aspect of the pre
Page 100 and 101: a + CO 2 CH 4 C 2 H 6 b CH 4 in sII
Page 102 and 103: REFERENCES Collett, T.S. and Kuuskr
Page 104 and 105: Figure 1. Physiographic and crust m
Page 106 and 107: Figure 3. Seismic profile showing s
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7. Distribution of echo char
Page 110 and 111: Figure 10. Seismic profile and its
Page 112 and 113: In the early stage of back-arc open
Page 114 and 115: PART II COALBED METHANE (CBM)
Page 116 and 117: Supply and demand infrastructure of
Page 118 and 119: Amisan, Jogyeri, Baegunsa, and Seon
Page 120 and 121: PROPERTIES OF ANTHRACITE The coals
Page 122 and 123: Table 4. Average chemical compositi
Page 124 and 125: CONCLUSIONS 1. Most of the coals em
Page 126 and 127: INTRODUCTION Coal (total reserves 2
Page 128 and 129: ีีีีีีีีี ั ิ
Page 130 and 131: RESULTS By Government: The outcomes
Page 132 and 133: The gas composition (12 samples ana
Page 136 and 137: The results of studies made on 11 c
Page 138 and 139: CONCLUSION CBM is still hoped to be
Page 140 and 141: The Government of Indonesia through
Page 142 and 143: The Berau basin is a major coal pro
Page 144 and 145: PP: CBM - 1 Rambutan (GOI Sponsor)
Page 146 and 147: Overview of Project for CO 2 Seques
Page 148 and 149: The organic geochemistry research g
Page 150 and 151: 3.5 25 3.0 20 Ar(%) C O 2(%) 2.5 2
Page 152 and 153: 20 8 10 0 6 δ13C of CO2(‰) -10 -
Page 154 and 155: Figure 1. Index map of Akabira Coal
Page 156: ORIGIN OF AKABIRA CBM In Akabira mi
show all

gas hydrate - CCOP

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?