gas hydrate - CCOP

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CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS by David Prior Chairperson of the CCOP Advisory Group Mr. Chen Shick Pei, Director of CCOP Technical Secretariat, Dr. Eikichi Tsukuda, Chairman, CCOP Steering Committee, and Director-General, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Dr. Tai-Sup Lee, President, KIGAM and Permanent Representative of Korea to CCOP, Dr. Keun-Pil Park, Director of Gas Hydrate R&D Organization, Korea, Distinguished delegates, It is a great pleasure to offer congratulations to the organizers of this special Thematic Session that deals with such important issues relating to new potential energy resources in the CCOP region. As you will see from the program we will have the distinct benefit of hearing from some of the leading experts in Gas Hydrates and Coalbed Methane both from the CCOP Member Countries of Korea, Japan, China and Thailand as well as from the Cooperating Countries of Germany, Canada and the USA. They will provide us with state-of-the-art information about origins, and characteristics of gas hydrates and coalbed methane, as well as the results of recent exploration activities in the CCOP region. It will be apparent that these topics have gained special importance in recent years as world energy prices have increased so dramatically and as developing economies require increasing energy supplies. The search for alternative energy sources and environmental concerns has spurred exciting new scientific research in these areas. But it is also clear that while much has been learned there remain many geological questions and technical issues that need to be addressed before large scale production is economically feasible. As a marine geologist I am personally intrigued by the recent progress in our understanding of gas hydrates. It is now clear, some twenty years after their initial discovery, that gas hydrates can be found in a wide variety of marine settings – and on land – where pressure / temperature relationships are suitable for their formation and stability. Enormous volumes of gas in hydrate form have been found in deep water continental margins, in shallow water polar areas- and indeed beneath permafrost on land in such areas as the Mackenzie delta. Acoustic surveys in deep water areas, for example off western Canada, have revealed distinctive bottom simulating reflectors that in many cases - but not all - are the tell-tale signatures of gas hydrates within sedimentary sequences. Alternatively in other deep water areas such as the Gulf of Mexico, gas migration along faults have led to lenses of hydrates forming hydrate hills on the sea floor, sometimes associated with exotic biological communities living on and deriving energy from hydrates. New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region – Gas Hydrates and Coalbed Methane 7
These phenomena are now the subjects of considerable scientific research using high resolution acoustic surveys, sediment and hydrate sampling, and analysis – for example by the Ocean Drilling Program. Much is being learned about the geochemical and sedimentological characteristics that promote hydrate formation and stability. Conversely gas hydrate instability is believed to be associated with other distinctive sea floor features such as large blowouts or large-scale submarine mass sediment movement. Yet another instability effect appears to be related to global warming where increased temperatures are melting permafrost and causing gas hydrates on land to become unstable – in turn contributing greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Gas hydrates are thus intriguing natural phenomena that have both important resource and environmental implications. In this special CCOP Thematic Session we will no doubt learn more about them as we listen to presentations by some of the world’s experts, and particularly hear about the potential importance of gas hydrates as economic resources in the CCOP region. Our thanks and congratulations again to the Organizers for arranging what will undoubtedly be an exciting and informative meeting – in yet another of the Thematic Sessions which are now becoming a traditional strength of the CCOP Annual Meeting. 8 New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region – Gas Hydrates and Coalbed Metthane
Page 2 and 3: Coordinating Committee for Geoscien
Page 4 and 5: Thematic Session on New Energy Reso
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS Page OPENING REMARKS……
Page 8 and 9: OPENING REMARKS by Chen Shik Pei Di
Page 10 and 11: WELCOME ADDRESS by Tai-Sup Lee Pres
Page 12 and 13: WELCOME ADDRESS by Keun-Pil Park Di
Page 16 and 17: PART I GAS HYDRATE: EXPLORATION, RE
Page 18 and 19: Partial differential equations for
Page 20 and 21: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the follo
Page 22 and 23: REFERENCES Berner R. A. (1980) Earl
Page 24 and 25: features of the seabed than those o
Page 26 and 27: secure the stability of the solutio
Page 28 and 29: trends depending on the following f
Page 30 and 31: Organic carbon in sediments is of i
Page 32 and 33: Sedimentological and Geochemical As
Page 34 and 35: Figure 3. Sedimentation rate of the
Page 36 and 37: Marine Gas Hydrate off W. Canada an
Page 38 and 39: Several methods for computing the Q
Page 40 and 41: 0.035 0.03 Amplitude 0.025 0.02 0.0
Page 42 and 43: 60 50 Amplitude 40 30 20 10 0 0 50
Page 44 and 45: REFERENCES Dallimore, S.R. and T.S.
Page 46 and 47: Frequency % 20 16 12 8 HAMA #5, MV=
Page 48 and 49: Figure 3. Experimental procedures f
Page 50 and 51: Figure 7 shows two cases of the com
Page 52 and 53: Seismic Characteristics of Gas Hydr
Page 54 and 55: Purpose The purpose of this paper i
Page 56 and 57: The dissociation zone created by th
Page 58 and 59: hydrate that forms near the wellbor
Page 60 and 61: dissociation, composite thermal con
Page 62 and 63: Figure 9. The Advanced Light Source
Page 64 and 65:
Experimental Studies and Developmen
Page 66 and 67:
Natural gas hydrate exploitation an
Page 68 and 69:
Natural gas Free gas layer Figure 5
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 7. One-dimensional developme
Page 72 and 73:
Temper at ur e 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
Page 74 and 75:
From the above discussion, the heat
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INTRODUCTION Clathrate hydrates are
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MATHEMATICAL MODEL The mathematical
Page 80 and 81:
Where the hydrate-aqueous radius of
Page 82 and 83:
REFERENCES Brooks, R.H., and A.T. C
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86 New Energy Resources in the CCOP
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In this paper, an overview of the M
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The brief tasks in the Phase I are:
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In "Development of the dissociation
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Figure 5. Preparation equipment. AN
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Other recent research subjects in t
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same crystalline structure directly
Page 98 and 99:
Another important aspect of the pre
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a + CO 2 CH 4 C 2 H 6 b CH 4 in sII
Page 102 and 103:
REFERENCES Collett, T.S. and Kuuskr
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Figure 1. Physiographic and crust m
Page 106 and 107:
Figure 3. Seismic profile showing s
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 7. Distribution of echo char
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 10. Seismic profile and its
Page 112 and 113:
In the early stage of back-arc open
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PART II COALBED METHANE (CBM)
Page 116 and 117:
Supply and demand infrastructure of
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Amisan, Jogyeri, Baegunsa, and Seon
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PROPERTIES OF ANTHRACITE The coals
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Table 4. Average chemical compositi
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CONCLUSIONS 1. Most of the coals em
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INTRODUCTION Coal (total reserves 2
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Page 130 and 131:
RESULTS By Government: The outcomes
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The gas composition (12 samples ana
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Table 4. Coal Depth Interval Hole N
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The results of studies made on 11 c
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CONCLUSION CBM is still hoped to be
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The Government of Indonesia through
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The Berau basin is a major coal pro
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PP: CBM - 1 Rambutan (GOI Sponsor)
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Overview of Project for CO 2 Seques
Page 148 and 149:
The organic geochemistry research g
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3.5 25 3.0 20 Ar(%) C O 2(%) 2.5 2
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20 8 10 0 6 δ13C of CO2(‰) -10 -
Page 154 and 155:
Figure 1. Index map of Akabira Coal
Page 156:
ORIGIN OF AKABIRA CBM In Akabira mi
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