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Region.” Pp. 43-52 in Proceedings of the Pan Pacific Symposium on Building and Urban Environmental Conditioning in Asia. Japan, March. HSS Structure Systems Inc. nd. Web site. . Hutcheon, N.B. 1960. “Humidity in Canadian Buildings.” Canadian Building Digest. CBD-1, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, January, 6 p. . Hutcheon, N.B. and G.O.P. Handegord. 1989. Building Science for a Cold Climate. National Research Council Canada, published by Construction Technology Centre Atlantic Inc., Second edition, 440 p. Interesting Thing of the Day. 2004. “Monolithic Concrete Domes.” . Jen, L. 2005. “Northern Exposure.” Canadian Architect. 50(7) (July): 28-30. Johnston, G.H. 1965. ”Permafrost and Foundations.” Canadian Building Digest. CBD- 64, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, April, 6 p. http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/pubs/cbd/cbd064_e.html>. Johnston, R.J., D.N. Swanston, and F.W. Baxandall. 1999. “Helical Piling Foundations in Juneau, Alaska.” Pp. 731-736 in Proceedings of the 1999 10th International Conference on Gold Regions Engineering Putting Research into Practice. Lincoln, NH. Joy, F.A., E.R. Queer, and R.E. Schreiner. 1948, Water Vapour Transfer through Building Materials. The Engineering Experimental Station, The Pennsylvania Stat College, Contract Report No. CAC-47-23, Report No. 2, December, 120 p. Karbhari, V.M. and D.A. Eckel II. 1994. “Effect of Cold Regions Climate on Composite Jacketed Concrete Columns.” Journal of Cold Regions Engineering. 8(3) (September): 73-86. Kwok, K.C.S., D.H. Kim, D.J. Smedley, and H.F. Rohde. 1992. “Snowdrift around Buildings for Antarctic Environment.” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 41-44 (October): 2797-2808. Kwok, K.C.S., D.J. Smedley, and D.H. Kim. 1993. “Snowdrift around Antarctic Buildings - Effects of Corner Geometry and Wind Incidence.” International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering. 3(1) (March): 61-65. Lee, T.G. 1991. Mitigating Condensation Problems in Rural Northern Housing. Innovative Housing Grants Program, Alberta Municipal Affairs, Housing Division, Edmonton, Alberta, June. 51 p. PERD-079: Task 2 - <strong>Literature</strong> <strong>Review</strong> 104
Legget, R.F. and C.B. Crawford. 1966. “Selecting the Foundation.” Canadian Building Digest. CBD-81, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, September, 6 p. . Levin, P. and K. Gudmundsson. 2000, “Moisture in Constructions with Loose-Fill Insulation and No Vapour Barrier.” Nordic Journal of Building Physics. Vol. 2, 13 p. , then select “Volume 2, 1999-2001” to view the volume contents. Lien, A.G., A.G. Hestnes, and Ø. Ascehougo. 1997. “The Use of Transparent Insulation in Low Energy Dwellings in Cold Climates.” Journal: Solar Energy. 59(1-3): 27-35. LOWTE. 2001. Web site. . (accessed October 2005). Marty, J.W. 1999.”Construction of the New South Pole Station., Pp. 45-56 in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering. August 16-19, Lincoln, New Hampshire. ———. 2000. “Construction Challenges.” Civil Engineering Journal. 70(12) (December): 46-49, 74. ———. 2004. “Construction of a Modernized South Pole Station: Progress and Challenges.” Pp. 719-726 in Proceedings of the 9th Biennial ASCE Aerospace Division International Conference on Engineering, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environments Earth and Space. League City/Houston, TX. Matthews, Kevin and Artifice, Inc. 2006a. “Domes – Examples in Great Buildings.” . ———. 2006b. “Kresge Auditorium.” . Meckler, M. 1991. “Design of Buildings and Underground Services in Cold Climates.” Pp. 610-619 in ASHRAE Transactions. 97(1). ASHRAE Winter Meeting - Technical Papers, New York, NY, USA, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA. Monolithic Dome Institute. nd-a. Web site. . ———. nd-b. Academic theses about monolithic domes web site. . Neale, K.W. and P. Labossière. 1998. “Fiber Composite Sheets in Cold Climate Rehab.” Concrete International. 20(6) (June): 22-24. Nelson, J. and M. Rantama. 1993. “Cold Climates Sow the Seed for Understanding Buildings.” Renewable-Energy Journal. 3(2-3) (March-April): 259-264. PERD-079: Task 2 - <strong>Literature</strong> <strong>Review</strong> 105
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http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca Task 2: <
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DISCLAIMER This report presents a r
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3. Heating, Ventilation, and Energy
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List of Acronyms ach Air changes pe
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Executive Summary Canada’s region
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to 24 in.) in areas below the tree
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1. Introduction Background Canada
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Moisture Issues: Wood Frame Constru
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of Alaska museum where RH was 45%.
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Let Z w is warm side vapour resista
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c) Proposed Wall # 2 b) Proposed Wa
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Canada Mortgage and Housing Corpora
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Upgraded Thermal & Air Tightness Wa
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Single Stud Walls with Interior Str
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Standoff wall system Source: CHBA (
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• polyethylene air/vapour barrier
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Building Envelopes: Northern Canada
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• Climate: The Arctic climate in
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• Plumbing system: To solve conde
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• The SIP house required 264 hour
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• The attached sunspace did not p
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this case, a means of venting the r
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• High energy and transportation
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as well as at high altitudes, where
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Foundation construction in the perm
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oof assemblies, because the roof de
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• The roofing membrane, air/vapou
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• the coasts and islands with the
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Maritime Climate Indigenous Archite
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example, in cold climates, the comf
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Globally, domes constructed with ai
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time limitations existed for the bu
Page 65 and 66: Pier Foundation System Brooks (2000
Page 67 and 68: Kwok et al. (1992, 1993) also used
Page 69 and 70: Composite-Wrapped Concrete Column K
Page 71 and 72: consumption and CO 2 emissions asso
Page 73 and 74: healthy, sustainable, durable, and
Page 75 and 76: Triple-glazed windows (about RSI-0.
Page 77 and 78: The building envelope is airtight a
Page 79 and 80: Maximum annual heating requirement
Page 81 and 82: Energy Performance During the first
Page 83 and 84: Roof framing Roof insulation Air ti
Page 85 and 86: Table 8 compares R-values and air t
Page 87 and 88: in.) diameter, it appears quite whi
Page 89 and 90: • an equivalent thermal transmitt
Page 91 and 92: 3. Heating, Ventilation, and Energy
Page 93 and 94: Locations that Work Well For buildi
Page 95 and 96: District Heating Considerations Arm
Page 97 and 98: • Particulates: the measured leve
Page 99 and 100: 4. Socio-Economic Issues The Vegeta
Page 101 and 102: concentrated in a few integrated sp
Page 103 and 104: Snow drifting patterns, winds, temp
Page 105 and 106: Thermally Upgraded Wall Systems Thi
Page 107 and 108: Coastal Northern Regions For high-m
Page 109 and 110: Appendix A: Literature</str
Page 111 and 112: References Note: Unless otherwise i
Page 113 and 114: ———. 1994-1. “Designing Hou
Page 115: Diakun, D. 1997. “Portfolio: Nort
Page 119 and 120: , then select “Volume 2, 1999-200
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