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Roof: With a shallow-pitched south-facing single plane framed with 400 mm (16 in.) I- beam rafters, the so-called “cool roof” consisted of two layers of exterior roof sheathing sandwiching a vent channel. The lower layer of sheathing was vapour-permeable structural fibreboard and the upper layer was OSB. The roofing was standing-seam galvanized steel. The roof was insulated with 300 mm (12 in.) blown-in fibreglass with a total of RSI-10.6 (R-60). Future additions might include uni-solar peel-and-stick photovoltaic modules to be installed on the metal roof. Ventilation: A heat-recovery ventilator with a damper controller allowed the homeowner to select between two possible air intake ducts depending on the outdoor temperature. One air intake duct, an “earth tube,” was a 30 m (100 ft.) long polyvinyl chloride (PVC) duct buried in the ground. The HRV controller regulated ventilation air intake as follows. For an outdoor temperature of less than 13ºC (55ºF), ventilation air is drawn through the earth tube, where it is heated by the soil. For an outdoor temperature greater than 13ºC (55ºF), but less than the indoor air temperature, ventilation air is drawn through the conventional outdoor air intake grille. When the outdoor temperature equals the indoor air temperature, the heat recovery function is bypassed. For an outdoor temperature greater than the indoor air temperature, ventilation air is drawn through the earth tube, where it is cooled by the relatively cool soil. Heating: A 1000-watt (3141 Btu/h) electric resistance element, installed in the HRV, heated the house. PERD-079: Task 2 - <strong>Literature</strong> <strong>Review</strong> 72
Table 8 compares R-values and air tightness of the four super-insulated building envelopes: Table 8. Comparison of R-Values and Air Tightness of Four Super-Insulated Building Envelopes Component Eagle Lake House (North Series # 5, CMHC, 2001- 2003) Saskatoon House (Dumont, 2000) Wall framing I-beam Double 38 x 89 mm (2 x 4) walls 400 mm (16 in.) Wall RSI (R) 8.8 (50) 10.6 (60) blown-in cellulose Alberta Sustainable Home (Rieger and Byrne, 1996) Double 38 x 89 mm (2 x 4) and 38 x 64 mm (2 x 3) stud walls, 325 mm (13 in.) Hanover House (EBN, 1998) Double 38 x 89 mm (2 x 4) walls 290 mm (11½ in.) 8.8 (50) blown-in cellulose 7 (40) blown-in dense pack cellulose Klingenberg House (EDU, 2004-2). 300 mm (12 in.) I- beam Roof RSI (R) 10.6 (60) 14.1 (80) 13 (74) blown-in cellulose 10.6 (60) 10.6 (60) Floor RSI (R) 5.3 (30) 6.2 (35) Not listed, Rigid foam under slab and extends 1200 mm (4 ft) horizontally outside the perimeter 10.0 (56) Basement walls 1.9 (11) from inside Windows 0.9 (5) 3 (17) 1.2 to 1.6 RSI (R) triple glazed five glazing (two glass and (6.7 to 9) Air tightness (ach at 50 Pa) 10.6 (60) 300 mm (12 in.) blown-in fibreglass + 100 mm (4 in.) rigid polystyrene 4.2 (24) from outside 1.26 (7.14) triple glazed three heat mirror film) 0.47 Not listed 0.37 Not measured PERD-079: Task 2 - <strong>Literature</strong> <strong>Review</strong> 73
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http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca Task 2: <
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DISCLAIMER This report presents a r
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3. Heating, Ventilation, and Energy
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List of Acronyms ach Air changes pe
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Executive Summary Canada’s region
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to 24 in.) in areas below the tree
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1. Introduction Background Canada
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Moisture Issues: Wood Frame Constru
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of Alaska museum where RH was 45%.
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Let Z w is warm side vapour resista
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c) Proposed Wall # 2 b) Proposed Wa
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Canada Mortgage and Housing Corpora
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Upgraded Thermal & Air Tightness Wa
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Single Stud Walls with Interior Str
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Standoff wall system Source: CHBA (
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• polyethylene air/vapour barrier
Page 33 and 34: Building Envelopes: Northern Canada
Page 35 and 36: • Climate: The Arctic climate in
Page 37 and 38: • Plumbing system: To solve conde
Page 39 and 40: • The SIP house required 264 hour
Page 41 and 42: • The attached sunspace did not p
Page 43 and 44: this case, a means of venting the r
Page 45 and 46: • High energy and transportation
Page 47 and 48: as well as at high altitudes, where
Page 49 and 50: Foundation construction in the perm
Page 51 and 52: oof assemblies, because the roof de
Page 53 and 54: • The roofing membrane, air/vapou
Page 55 and 56: • the coasts and islands with the
Page 57 and 58: Maritime Climate Indigenous Archite
Page 59 and 60: example, in cold climates, the comf
Page 61 and 62: Globally, domes constructed with ai
Page 63 and 64: time limitations existed for the bu
Page 65 and 66: Pier Foundation System Brooks (2000
Page 67 and 68: Kwok et al. (1992, 1993) also used
Page 69 and 70: Composite-Wrapped Concrete Column K
Page 71 and 72: consumption and CO 2 emissions asso
Page 73 and 74: healthy, sustainable, durable, and
Page 75 and 76: Triple-glazed windows (about RSI-0.
Page 77 and 78: The building envelope is airtight a
Page 79 and 80: Maximum annual heating requirement
Page 81 and 82: Energy Performance During the first
Page 83: Roof framing Roof insulation Air ti
Page 87 and 88: in.) diameter, it appears quite whi
Page 89 and 90: • an equivalent thermal transmitt
Page 91 and 92: 3. Heating, Ventilation, and Energy
Page 93 and 94: Locations that Work Well For buildi
Page 95 and 96: District Heating Considerations Arm
Page 97 and 98: • Particulates: the measured leve
Page 99 and 100: 4. Socio-Economic Issues The Vegeta
Page 101 and 102: concentrated in a few integrated sp
Page 103 and 104: Snow drifting patterns, winds, temp
Page 105 and 106: Thermally Upgraded Wall Systems Thi
Page 107 and 108: Coastal Northern Regions For high-m
Page 109 and 110: Appendix A: Literature</str
Page 111 and 112: References Note: Unless otherwise i
Page 113 and 114: ———. 1994-1. “Designing Hou
Page 115 and 116: Diakun, D. 1997. “Portfolio: Nort
Page 117 and 118: Legget, R.F. and C.B. Crawford. 196
Page 119 and 120: , then select “Volume 2, 1999-200
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