Lightweight Concrete for High Strength - Expanded Shale & Clay

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Lightweight Artificial and Waste Materials for Embankments Over Soft Soils, Transportation Research Board, January 1993, pp. 7-13. Janney, J. R., “Nature of Bond in Pre-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 50, No. 9, May 1954, pp. 717-736. Johnson, M. K., Ramirez, J. A., “Minimum Shear Reinforcement in Beams with Higher Strength Concrete,” ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 86, No. 4, July-August 1989, pp. 376-382. Kahn, L. F., Saber, A., “Analysis and Structural Benefits of High Performance Concrete for Pretensioned Bridge Girders,” PCI Journal, Vol. 45, No. 4, July/August 2000, pp. 100-107. Kohno, K., Okamoto, T., Isikawa, Y., Sibata, T., Mori, H., “Effects of Artificial Lightweight Aggregate on Autogenous Shrinkage of Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 29, 1999, pp. 611-614. Kolozs, R. T., “Transfer and Development Lengths of Fully Bonded 1/2-Inch Prestressing Strand in Standard AASHTO Type I Pretensioned High Performance Lightweight Concrete (HPLC) Beams,” Masters Thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, May 2000, 155 pp. Lane, S. N., A New Development Length Equation for Pretensioned Strands in Bridge Beams and Piles, Final Report, No. FHWA-RD-98-116, Federal Highway Administration, December 1998, 131 pp. Leming, M. L., Creep and Shrinkage of Lightweight Concrete, North Carolina State University Publication, 1990, 4 pp. Leming, M. L., Properties of High Strength Concrete – An Investigation of High Strength Concrete Characteristics using Materials in North Carolina, Final Report, No. 23241-86-3, North Carolina Department of Transportation, July 1988, 186 pp. Lin, T. Y., Burns, N. H., Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures, Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, 1981. Logan, D. R., “Acceptance Criteria for Bond Quality of Strand for Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Applications,” PCI Journal, Vol. 42, No. 2, March/April 1997. pp. 52-90. Lopez, M., and Kahn, L. F. (2003) "Time Dependent Behavior of High Performance Concrete: Evaluation of a Georgia's High Performance Concrete Bridge", School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Ma, J., Tadros, M. H., Baishya, M, “Shear Behavior of Pretensioned High-Strength Concrete Bridge I-Girders,” ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 97, No. 1, January-February 2000, pp. 185- 192. MacGregor, J. G., Reinforced Concrete, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1992, 848 pp. References-6
Martin, L. D., Scott, N. L., “Development of Prestressing Strand in Pretensioned Members,” ACI Journal, Vol. 73, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 453-456. Mehta, P. K. a. M., Paulo J.M. (1993) "Concrete. Microstructure, Properties and Materials", Mc Graw-Hill. Mehta, P. K., Monteiro, P. J. M., Concrete Microstructure, Properties, and Materials, Second Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, New York, 1993. Melby, K., Jordet, E. A., Hansvold, C., “Long-span Bridges in Norway Constructed in High- Strength LWA Concrete,” Engineering Structures, Vol. 18, No. 11, November 1996, pp. 845-849. Meyer, K. F., and Kahn, L. F. (2002) "Lightweight Concrete Reduces Weight and Increases Span Length of Pretensioned Concrete Bridge Girders", PCI Journal, V. 47 No.1: p. 68-75. Meyer, K. F., Kahn, L. F., “Annotated Bibliography for High-Strength, Lightweight Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders,” Task 1 Report, Georgia Department of Transportation Project No. 2004, Georgia Institute of Technology, January 2001, 14 pp. Meyer, K. F., Kahn, L. F., Lai, J.S., and Kurtis, K.E. (2002) "Transfer and Development Length of High Strength Lightweight Concrete Precast Prestressed Bridge Girders", Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Materials, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, pp. 617. Mindess, S., Young, J.F, and Darwin, D. (2003) "Concrete", Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. Mitchell, D., Cook, W. D., Khan, A. A., Tham, T., “Influence of High Strength Concrete on Transfer and Development Length of Pretensioning Strand,” PCI Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3, May/June 1993, pp. 52-56. Mor, A., “Steel-Concrete Bond in High Strength Lightweight Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 89, No. 1, January-February 1992, pp. 76-82. Morales, J., Short-Term Mechanical Properties of High Strength Lightweight Concrete, Report 82-9 on NSF Grant No. ENG78-05124, Ithaca, August 1982. Murillo, J. A., Thoman S., Smith, D., “Lightweight Concrete for a Segmental Bridge,” Civil Engineering, Vol. 64, No. 5, May 1994, pp. 68-70. Nawy, E. G. (2001) "Fundamentals of High-Performance Concrete", John Wiley and Sons, New York. Nawy, E. G., Prestressed Concrete A Fundamental Approach, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2000, References-7
Page 1 and 2:
School of Civil and Environmental E
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research presen
Page 5 and 6:
A statistical evaluation based on f
Page 7 and 8:
5.6 - Transfer Length 5-13 5.7 - Gi
Page 9 and 10:
Report ACI 318- 99 AASHTO Standard
Page 11 and 12:
Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose
Page 13 and 14:
Long term properties including pret
Page 15 and 16:
ottom flange. Prestressing strands
Page 17 and 18:
12500 12000 Concrete Strength, fc'
Page 19 and 20:
Chapter 3. Mix Designs, Field Evalu
Page 21 and 22:
Variation of coarse-to-fine aggrega
Page 23 and 24:
3.2.1 Compressive Strength Figure 3
Page 25 and 26:
Table 3.5 Chloride Permeability --
Page 27 and 28:
12,000 11,500 11,000 Compressive St
Page 29 and 30:
1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 Experimenta
Page 31 and 32:
strength (10L made in the laborator
Page 33 and 34:
The 50% and 90% of the 620-day cree
Page 35 and 36:
700 600 10,000-psi Measured Shams &
Page 37 and 38:
a Creep Coefficient 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5
Page 39 and 40:
Chapter 5. Behavior of AASHTO Type
Page 41 and 42:
Portion of Girder Damaged During Te
Page 43 and 44:
2” End Cover (Typ both ends) 4 Sp
Page 45 and 46:
5.3 Instrumentation The surface of
Page 47 and 48:
Figure 5.7 Installation of stirrups
Page 49 and 50:
Table 5.3 Girder concrete propertie
Page 51 and 52:
120 100 80 Stress (ksi) 60 40 20 0
Page 53 and 54:
Table 5.5 -Transfer Length Results
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 5.12 Typical flexural failur
Page 57 and 58:
Since G2 girders had a higher concr
Page 59 and 60:
V " pc cw− Pr ed = ft −Pr ed 1
Page 61 and 62:
Test # Table 5.9 Predicted vs. Expe
Page 63 and 64:
this research project, modification
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 6. Prestress Losses in HPLC
Page 67 and 68:
losses in the 10,000-psi girders to
Page 69 and 70:
Microstrains (in/inx10 -6 ) 0 500 1
Page 71 and 72:
6.3 Conclusions Regarding Prestress
Page 73 and 74:
7.3 Transfer Length An evaluation o
Page 75 and 76:
Shrinkage after 620 days of drying
Page 77 and 78:
More research is required to examin
Page 79 and 80:
Appendix A. Background A.1 Introduc
Page 81 and 82:
Raithby and Lydon described the use
Page 83 and 84:
are normally recognized as being on
Page 85 and 86:
aggregate must be saturated by pres
Page 87 and 88:
A.7.2 Strength Ceiling Harmon discu
Page 89 and 90:
compared to lower strength specimen
Page 91 and 92:
A.8.8 Deatherage, Burdette and Chew
Page 93 and 94:
3. Concrete compressive strength at
Page 95 and 96:
findings were comments that the AAS
Page 97 and 98:
including strand diameter, embedmen
Page 99 and 100:
l d = l t + l fb = f si 3 d b + 1.5
Page 101 and 102: l d = l t + l fb ⎛ = ⎜ ⎝ f d
Page 103 and 104: Table A.1 Summary of Development Le
Page 105 and 106: strand release, the strand attempts
Page 107 and 108: Appendix B. Creep and Shrinkage B.1
Page 109 and 110: Changes in moisture migration: the
Page 111 and 112: t′: age of concrete at loading (d
Page 113 and 114: s: slump (in) γ ψ ⎧ 0.30 −1.4
Page 115 and 116: t: age of concrete (days) t 0 : age
Page 117 and 118: where ε sh ∞ ⎧ 510 µε for st
Page 119 and 120: left girder-end. The dimension L wa
Page 121 and 122: 6” 85” 50” Segment of girder
Page 123 and 124: 146” 89” 96” 137” Stirrups
Page 125 and 126: were added in a specific sequence f
Page 127 and 128: C.2.3 Formwork Removal, Detensionin
Page 129 and 130: Figure C.19 Mostafa Prestressing St
Page 131 and 132: Figure C.22 Ms. Lyn Clements (GDOT)
Page 133 and 134: If significant strand end slip over
Page 135 and 136: CSS at Level of Bottom Strands (µ
Page 137 and 138: Appendix D. Prestress Losses in HPL
Page 139 and 140: E ps : elastic modulus of prestress
Page 141 and 142: D.2.2. AASHTO-LRFD Refined Estimate
Page 143 and 144: ∆f log(24 ⋅t) ⎛ f ⎜ ⎞ 55
Page 145 and 146: P i : initial prestressing force af
Page 147 and 148: References AASHTO (1996), Standard
Page 149 and 150: ASTM C 618, Standard Specification
Page 151: Guide for Structural Lightweight Ag
Page 155: Shahawy, M. A., Batchelor, B., “S
show all

Lightweight Concrete for High Strength - Expanded Shale & Clay

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?