Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)country was launched in 1983 to implement the major recommendations of the aforesaid seminar.Further, National Research Centre for Agroforestry was established on 8 th May in 1988 at Jhansito accelerate the basic, strategic and applied research in agroforestry. At present there are 36centers under All India Coordinated Research Project on Agroforestry with project coordinatingunit at National Research Center for Agroforestry, Jhansi. These centers represent almost all theagroclimates of the country. In addition to ICAR, Indian council of forestry research and education(ICFRE) and its regional centres, private institutions and NGOs such as WIMCO, ITC, BAIF,IFFDC, West Coast Paper Mills Ltd, Hindustan Paper Mills Ltd, National Tree GrowersCooperatives are also engage in research and promotion of agroforestry in the country.Agroforestry research and education has been started in more than ten State AgriculturalUniversities (SAUs). More than 2000 scientists and technicians are engaged in agroforestry R&Dat present. The major thrust of agroforestry research in the beginning was mainly on the aspectof, Diagnostic survey and appraisal of existing agroforestry practices, Collection and evaluation ofpromising tree species/cultivars of fuel, fodder and small timber, and Studies on managementpractices of agroforestry systems.One of the major aspect of the research endevours under agroforestry was collection andevaluation of promising tree species/cultivars of fuel, fodder and small timber. A lot of germplasmhas been collected and evaluated in arboretum established by different Centres of the project.About 184 promising tree species have been determined based on growth performance trials atthese centers. The promising tree species identified include Ulmus wallichiana, Ailanthus excelsa,Morus alba, Robina pseudoacacia and Grewia optiva for Western Himalayan region: Acaciaauriculiformis, Alnus nepalensis, Bamboos, Parasanthes falcataria and Gmelina arborea foreastern Himalayan region; Poplar, Eucalyptus and Dalbergia sissoo for Indogangetic region:Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia tortilis, A. nilotica, Ailanthus excelsa, Prosopis cineraria and Leucaenaleucocephala and Azadiracta indica for arid and semi arid regions; Albizzia spp. Erythrina,Gliricidia, Acacia auriculiformis for humid and sub humid regions; and Casuarina equisetifolia,Toona ciliata, Grevillea robusta for the coastal and island region. The efforts made so far hascreated voluminous database, which is strength. The information collected may be utilized forcreating local and regional volume tables. However, the tree improvement work has notprogressed to the desired level except in case of two or three important species.The most important input in any nursery is the genetically improved seed which will makeby far the most important contributions to the growth rates and quality of the timber produced.Genetically improved seedlings or clonal planting stock supported with improved package ofpractices can usher in a new revolution for vast improvements in productivity and quality ofplantation timbers. For example, clonal planting stock of poplars and eucalypts, being promoted bysome of the wood based industries on a limited scale supported with good technical extensionservices, has improved productivity to an average of 25-30 m 3 /ha/year with very significantimprovements in the quality of timber (Lal et al., 2006). Very high productivity up to 50 m 3 /ha/year- 140 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)has also been achieved by many farmers both in case of poplars and clonal eucalyptusplantations.Seed should either be procured only from most dependable and trust-worthy sources orcollected under personal supervision of user agencies. However unfortunately, even the StateForest Departments and ICFRE institutions have not developed adequate sources for productionand supply of required quantities of genetically improved seed. Bulk of the seeds being used byForest Departments and private nurseries, even for most important timber species like teakcontinues to be collected from unimproved seed sources of poor genetic quality. That is the mainreason for extremely low productivity of plantations in India.The National Wasteland Development Board drawn an ambitious programme torehabilitate the 175 ha of Wasteland, requiring plantation of nearly 5 million ha land per annum.However, lack of infrastructure and insufficient availability of seeds has limited the achievementsto 2 million ha per annum. The most essential factor for the success of the plantations is readyavailability of seeds, which is estimated to be more than 10,000 tonnes per annum for raising 2million ha of plantations timber and other multipurpose species (Khullar et. al. 1991). The nonavailabilityof quality seed is a serious constraint in the way of realizing the above national target.The seed being used in the current plantations programme is of poor quality in many respects,such as low germination percentage, poor emergence in nursery beds and poor adaptability etc.Because of poor quality the quantity of seed being used is much more than really required, therebyincreasing the investment on seed procurement enormously. So, there is need for a soundnational programme on production, testing, storage and supply of forestry seeds to ensure thesustained supply of quality seeds and conservation of valuable germplasm. A brief account of thecollection, testing and storage of forestry seeds is presented with respect to the indigenous treespecies.REFERENCES1. Bisht, N.S. and Ahlawat S.P. 1999. Seed Technology, SFRI Information Bulletin no.-7. StateForest Research Institute. Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh Pp, 1-23.2. Hartmann, H.T. and Keskar D.E. 1983. Plant Propagation : Principles and Practices. Prentice-Hallof India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.3. Martin, A.C. and Barkley W.D.1961. Seed Identification Mannual. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.New Delhi.4. Maithani, G.P., Bahuguna V.K. and Thapliyal R.C.1989. Preliminary Silvicultural techniques forplanting of shrubs in the Siwaliks and Himalayas for rehabilitation of wastelands anddegraded sites. The Indian Forester, 115 (1) : 3-10.5. Schmidt, L. 1993. Seed Orchards. Guidelines on Establishment and Management Practices. FieldManual No. 4. RAS/91/004, UNDP/FAO, Philippines.6. Toda, R. 1974. Forest Tree Breeding in the World. Yamatoya Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.7. Zobel, B.J. and Talbert, J. 1984. Applied Forest Tree Improvement. Wiley & Sons, New York, USA- 141 -
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potential. An improvement in qualit
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9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
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9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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TRAININGONANNEXURE-IIISEED HEALTH M
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ANNEXURE-IVCENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDI
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SundayApril 6MondayApril 7TuesdayAp
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TuesdayApril 15WednesdayApril 16Thu
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