Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)mechanical weeding in furrow and on the top of beds. The crops such as soybean, maize, cotton,rice, pea, mustard etc., have been successfully grown on beds. This also facilitate inter-croppingand adjustment of other crops.Comparative incidence of diseases in FIRBS and conventional tillage plot in wheat cropduring 2000-03On an average, higher incidence of all the diseases (brown rust, yellow rust, powderymildew and foliar blight) were recorded in conventional tillage plot as compared to FIRBS plots.There was no significant interaction effect of year and tillage condition on the incidence ofdiseases.Table incidence of diseases in FIRBS and conventional tillage plot in wheat crop during2000-03YearBrown rust(infected leaves per10 plants)Yellow rust (infectedleaves per 10 plants)Foliar blight (infectedleaves per 10 plants)Powdery millldew(infected leaves per10 plants)FIRBS CT Mean FIRBS CT Mean FIRBS CT Mean FIRBS CT Mean2000- 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.00 23.33 23.17 26.67 30.33 28.50 2.67 2.33 2.50012001- 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.15 13.75 13.63 18.33 19.00 18.67 4.50 5.00 4.75022002- 3.08 3.25 3.23 19.92 20.17 20.04 22.75 25.33 24.04 3.75 4.33 4.4003Mean 1.03 1.08 - 18.81 19.08 - 22.58 24.89 - 3.36 3.89 -(Singh,2004)Surface Seeding: This technology performs well where wheat sowing is not possible due to wetfield conditions after paddy harvest. In these areas, dry or soaked seed can be broadcasted a fewdays before or immediately after harvest of rice under wet condition. Generally heavy textured soilare more suitable for surface seeding as compared to light textured soil. This practice doubles thecropping intensity in areas where only a single crop is possible due to wet soil conditions followingpaddy harvest.Time of Planting: Most suitable sowing time is considered when the mean daily temperature dropdown to 22-23 0 C. if temperature goes above 25 0 C at germination phase, the seedings are likely tobe seriously attacked by fungal organism. This produces very few tillers, make sparse growth andcome to heading very early and finally yield is poor. Long duration varieties of wheat like UP 2338,PBW 343, WH 542, HD 2687 and PBW 502 should be sown in first fortnight of Nov, where as UP2425 and Raj 3765 sown in second fortnight of Nov, under irrigated conditions.Method of Sowing: Sowing of wheat by Pantnagar Zero till ferti seeddrill, rotatory tillage, FIRBsystem and surface seeding are better than broadcast.Effect on yield: Significantly higher yield (45.91 q/ha) was recorded during 2001-02 followed by2000-01 (40.44q/ha) and 2002-03 (38.29q/ha). On an average yield was higher in conventional- 80 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)tillage plot as compared to zero tillage plot. From the above results it can be concluded that lowerincidence of disease was the reason of higher yield during 2001-02.Table Comparison of yields in Zero (ZT) and Conventional Tillage (CT) conditions in wheatduring 2000-03YearYield (Q/ha)ZT CT Mean2000-01 39.00 39.00 40.442001-02 45.38 45.38 45.912002-03 37.94 37.94 38.29Mean 40.77 40.77 -(Singh,2004)Table Economics of zero and conventional tillage in wheat(A) Operational cost Zero tillage Conventional tillage(i) Labour 1815.56 2233.14(II) Machine 1802.26 3719.20(iii) Irrigation 795.72 795.72Total (A) 4413.54 6748.06(B) Material cost(i) Seed 987.50 987.50(ii) Fertilizers and Manure 2850.86 2850.86(iii) Plant Protection Chemicals 3800.00 3800.00Total (B) 7638.36 7638.36Total cost (A) + (B) 12051.90 14386.42(i) Yield (q/ha) 40.77 40.77(ii) Rate Rs./q 600.00 600.00(iii) Gross return Rs./ha 24462.00 24462.00(iv) Net return Rs./ha 12410.10 10075.58(v) Benefit –cost ratio 1.03 0.70(Singh, 2004)It is clear from the above table that zero tillage plot was superior to conventional tillage plotin terms of benefit cost ratio. Technology provided aboutcompared to conventional tillage mainly on account of saving in operation costs.Disease Situations in Resource Conserving TechniquesRs. 2335.00/ha higher return asReduced tillage can have an impact on the types of diseases and their severity vis-a-vistraditional ploughing. This is mostly due to the impact of reduced tillage on the soil structure, theamount of crop trash and fungal bodies on the soil surface.Take- allChanges in soil structure are important for disease, since a good structure is ideal forhealthy root development, allowing a crop to grow away from disease. If the soil is wet orcompacted, it can limit root development and allow root diseases such as take-all to attack theroots. Take-all is however influenced most by crop rotation and is best controlled by ensuring thatthere is a break from cereals between wheat crops.Table % take all on roots in three seasons- 81 -
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potential. An improvement in qualit
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9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
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9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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TRAININGONANNEXURE-IIISEED HEALTH M
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ANNEXURE-IVCENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDI
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SundayApril 6MondayApril 7TuesdayAp
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TuesdayApril 15WednesdayApril 16Thu
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