Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)developed. This ‘Mustard DIVYA’ plant type is now recommended as a source for breedingmore and more improved varieties of mustard as it has been proved to have good generalcombining ability for short stature characteristics.‣ Seed treatment with mancozeb @ 0.2% + thiram @ 0.2% has been found to control seed,seedling and root rot diseases of groundnut. However seed treatment with thiram @ 0.2% +vitavax @ 0.2% has been found to control collar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) of groundnut. Twosprays of carbendazim @ 0.05% have been found to give excellent control of early and lateleaf spot (tikka disease) of groundnut.‣ Mid September planting of sunflower was found to escape the occurrence of major diseaseslike Sclerotinia wilt and rot, Sclerotium wilt, charcoal rot and toxemia. Severity of Alternariablight was found to be negligible and did not cause any reduction in yield. The crop could beharvested by 15 th December. The yield obtained was 16 q/ha.‣ The average percent loss has been noted in the range of 50.6 to 80.7 percent due to Alternariablight disease under Kharif conditions. However, the percent loss in oil has been shown in therange of 21.6 to 32.3. To control the disease, total 4 sprays of mancozeb @ 0.3% at 10 dayinterval have been found effective.‣ A repository of about 5000 rice blast isolates was made from 30 locations in Indian Himalayas atHill Campus, Ranichauri. Blast pathogen population from the region was analyzed using molecularmarkers and phenotypic assays. Most locations sampled and analyzed had distinct populationswith some containing one or a few lineages and others were very diverse. Within anagroecological region migration appeared to be high. The structure of some populations could beaffected to some extent by sexual recombination.‣ Magnaporthe grisea isolates derived from Eleusine coracana, Setaria italica and Echinochloafrumentaceum collected from a disease screening nursery were cross compatible. Thechromosome number of each isolate was found to be six or seven. Similarity of karyotypes wasfound among isolates with in a lineage though between lineages some variability was noticed. Aremarkable similarity between karyotypes of Eleusine coracana and Setaria italica was observed. Allof these isolates were fertile and mated with each other to produce productive perithecia. Theexisting data however showed no evidence of genetic exchange among host-limited M. griseapopulations in Indian Himalayas.‣ No strong relationship appeared between the number of virulences in a pathotyope and its frequencyof detection. The frequency of virulent phenotype to a cultivar and susceptibility of that cultivar in thefield did not correspond. The number of virulences per isolate was in general less than the numberof virulences per pathotype, which indicated predominance of isolates from pathotypes with fewervirulences. There was a tendency for the pathotypes to have fewer virulences. The frequency ofvirulence among rare pathotypes was higher than common pathotypes against all the differentialNILs, including two-gene pyramids. These rare pathotypes could be the potential source ofresistance breakdown of the novel resistance genes.- 22 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)‣ Blast resistant gene Pi-2(t) appeared to have the broadest and Pi-1(t) the narrowest resistantspectra. Compatibility to Pi-2 (t) gene did not appear to limit compatibilities with other resistantgenes. Loss of avirulence to all the five major gene tested may carry a serious fitness penalty.Major gene Pi-2 and gene combination Pi-1,2 showed least compatibilities and hold promisein managing blast in the region. In the overall Himalayan population, gene combinations ingeneral were effective at most locations. Combination of Pi-1+2 genes was effective at mostlocations until the year tested. However, three gene pyramid [Pi-1(t) + Pi-2(t)+Pi-4(t)] resistedinfection at all locations.‣ It was inferred that the pathotype composition of the blast pathogen composition in the IndianHimalayas was very complex and diversifying the resistance genes in various rice breedingprogrammes should prove to be a useful strategy for disease management.‣ A common minimum programme under bio-intensive IPM in vegetables in Uttaranchal hills wasdesigned that is extended to over 2000 farmers from 20 villages in district Tehri Garhwal.‣ Epidemiological considerations in the apple scab disease management led to the developmentof disease prediction models. Relation of degree-day accumulations to maturation ofascospores, and potential ascospore dose (PAD) were found to be useful for predicting thetotal amount of inoculum in an orchard thereby effectively improving apple scab management.‣ Out of 71 genotypes tested against red rot caused by Colletotrichum falcatum, four genotypesviz; Co Pant 92226, Co Pant 96216, Co Pant 97222 and CoJ 83 were found resistant andanother 24 exhibited fairly good tolerance.‣ Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed or Vitavax 0.2% controlled theseed and seedling rots and improved the seedling emergence without any adverse effect onthe nodulation and invariably yield were increased. Seed treatment with Trichodermaharizianum, T. viride or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg controlled seed and seedling rotsand increased plant emergence.‣ Purple seed stain disease can be effectively controlled by seed treatment with thiram +carbendazim (2:1) @ 3 g/kg seed followed by two sprays of benomyl or Carbendazim @ 0.5kg/ha.‣ Rhizoctonia aerial blight can be effectively controlled by two sprays of carbendazim @ 0.5kg/ha. Seed treatment with T. harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10g/kg seed + soiltreatment with pant Bioagent-3 mixed with FYM @50q/ha followed by two sprays of T.harzianum @ 0.25% reduced the disease severity of RAB.‣ Pod blight and foliar diseases caused by Colletrotichum dematium var truncatum could beeffectively controlled by the use of carbednazim 0.05%, Mancozeb 0.25%, Copperoxychloride0.3%, Thiophanate methyl 0.05%, Chlorothalonil 0.25%, Hexaconazole 0.1% and- 23 -
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potential. An improvement in qualit
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9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
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9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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TRAININGONANNEXURE-IIISEED HEALTH M
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ANNEXURE-IVCENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDI
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SundayApril 6MondayApril 7TuesdayAp
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TuesdayApril 15WednesdayApril 16Thu
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