Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)Seed Rate: Adequate plant population makes high difference in yield. Sowing should be done withrecommended seed rate to give optimum plant population. Excessive seed rate or higher plantpopulation is unnecessary wastage of valuable resources and also cause more incidence ofinsects pest and diseases.Method of Sowing: Sowing should be done in line at proper spaced and depth.Nutrient Management: Application of proper nutrient helps in increasing the yield and also savingof fertilizer requirement, eg. Rhizobium inoculation of seeds increases grain yield of pulses by 10-15% and leaves behind about 40 kg N/ha for succeeding crop. To activate the process ofnodulation, efficient Rhizobium strain should be used. Interaction between Rhizobium inoculationand phosphorus application indicated a net saving of 20 kg P 2 0 5 /ha in lentil (Sahu et. al. 2007).Weed Management: Weed compete with the crop plants for plant nutrient, space, water and light,reduce the yield considerably. Application of weedicide, hand weeding at proper time found tocontrol the weeds & increase the yield.Intercropping: It helps to minimize the incidence of insects pests and diseases, eg. chickpeas+wheat/barley/lin seed/mustard/ coriander; lentit+linseed/mustard/barley/sugarcane.Advantage of Resource Conservation Technology1. Reduced soil erosion by air, run off water and rainfall due to improved soil aggregationproperties and covering of soil by crop residues.2. Enhances soil organic pool, water holding capacity and nutrient availability through gradualdecomposition of surface residues.3. Improved soil bio-diversity.4. Rescue surface soil, ground water and air pollution from improve use efficiency ofpesticide, weedicide and fertilizers.5. Conserve non-renewable energy resource.Resource Conservation Techniques in RiceRice is generally grown as a transplanted crop in puddle soil which reduces soilpermeability and create aquatics anaerobic conditions suited to control weeds, improves water andnutrient availability. However, puddling destroys soil structure to form a compacted layer thatreduces infiltration and recharge of aquifer.Table: Effect of puddling on rice yield at different locationsPuddle (Mt ha-1) Non-puddle (Mt ha- 1 ) Soil texture Location5.6 5.6 Clay loam IRRI Philippines5.5 5.5 Clay IRRI Philippines5.4 5.1 Vertisol Kenya3.9 3.8 Clay Surinam2.5 2.5 Sandy loam Senegal5.9 5.5 Sandy loam Nigeria5.0 4.8 Sandy loam Nigeria5.9 5.7 Sandy loam Punjab, India* Rice grain yields in puddled and non-puddled soil do not differ significantly (P=0.05)Source-Ladha et. al. 2003- 76 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)Zero till/Reduced-till in unpuddled Transplanted Rice: Zero or reduced tillage technique intransplanted rice can replace the conventional puddle transplanted rice. Unpuddled soil do notcrack resulting in irrigation water economy compared to puddle rice. Due to less disturbance inunpuddled soil, the weed pressure is low which ultimately influence the crop productivity. Trialconducted in Western U.P. and Haryana have revealed that the water use and water productivityunder unpuddled and puddle transplanted rice were same, however the net return was higher inunpuddled rice.Table: Comparative performance of puddle & unpuddled transplanted riceCrop establishmentmethodNo. of trials Water (m 3ha)Water productivity(kg grain/m 3 )Net return(Rs./ha)Western U.P.Unpuddled TPR 61 8500 0.64 12,700Puddled TPR 61 9000 0.62 11,760HaryanaUnpuddled TPR 20 16176 0.42 21,358Puddled TPR 20 15500 0.43 17,207Source: USAID Project Report, 2004Effect of tillage systems on incidence of diseases2000-02Comparative incidence of diseases in zero and conventional tillage conditions in rice duringDuring 2000, it was observed that the bacterial leaf blight incidence was significantly higherin zero tillage plot as compared to conventional tillage, while during 2002, it was significantly lowerin zero tillage plot as compared to conventional tillage plot. On an average the incidence of boththe diseases (bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight) was significantly less in conventional tillage plotas compared to zero tillage plot. The reason of higher incidence of diseases in zero tillage plot wasapparently due to presence of rice stubbles and crop residue in field that helps create favourablemicro-climate for pathogens.Table Incidence of diseases in zero (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) conditions in riceduring 2000-02YearBLB (infected leaves per 10hills)SHB (no. of infected tillersper 10 hills)ZT CT Mean ZT CT Mean2000 2.96 2.78 2.87 0.24 0.41 0.322001 1.83 1.07 1.45 0.00 0.00 0.002002 0.99 0.70 0.84 0.45 0.21 0.33Mean 1.92 1.52 - 0.23 0.20 -(Singh, 2004)Wet Seeding: Wet seeding involves sowing of pre-germinated seed, either broadcasted or drilledinto, puddle wet soil and then gradually flooding the field. Thus it also reduces the cost involved innursery raising and transplanting of seedlings. Anilofos@0.4 kg a.i. ha- 1 in 500-600 litre watershould be applied in the field when rice seedlings are 2-3 leaf stage for effective management ofweeds. Studies conducted in Pantnagar revealed that wet seeded rice generally recorded highergrain yield in weed free situation as compared to other establishment system.- 77 -
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potential. An improvement in qualit
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9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
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9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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TRAININGONANNEXURE-IIISEED HEALTH M
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ANNEXURE-IVCENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDI
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SundayApril 6MondayApril 7TuesdayAp
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TuesdayApril 15WednesdayApril 16Thu
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