Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)Management of vegetable diseases: The existing technology:Based on nature of vegetable diseases, the control strategies could be prophylactic or hostresistance. The principle of prophylaxis could be achieved by applying the principle of exclusion,eradication and protection. To achieve exclusion method such as quarantine, inspection andcertification and seed treatment have been recommended. In order to achievement the eradicationof inoculum methods like biological control, crop rotation, rouging, crop refuse destruction,sanitation including distruction of collateral and alternate hosts have been recommended.In protection, those practice which function as a barrier between host and pathogens (nocontact). The practices are cultural practices such as methods of planting, time ofsowing/transplanting, balanced fertilizer; controlled irrigation, spray of micro nutrients andapplication of pesticides, fungicides, antibiotics, nematicide etc. are recommended.Principally, the use of resistant genotype looks the best method for diseases management.The methods used to develop resistant genotype are introduction, selection, and hybridization, andmutation, biotechnological and molecular technique. Development and use of resistant genotype iscontinuous and never ending process due to evaluation of new biotype/pathotype/races. Theresistant is broken down as a matter of fact development of resistant to disease in vegetable is yetto get place and recognition given to place cereals and pulses.Guide lines for developing IDM:• Vegetable are raised repeatedly following the principles of intensive farming. This practicesfavour survival of primary inoculum and subsequently infection and spread of secondaryinoculum in the crops. To ensure success of any IDM schedule the impact and the effect ofintensive cultivation on diseases must be the major input in developing the schedule.• The vegetable in India is still today are grown on small scale. Cucurbits and beans aregrown ever around the house and the crops are reserviour of inoculum of number ofpathogens as no control measure is invariably applied. This major source of inoculum mustalso be considered for developing the schedule.• The schedule develop must be easy approachable and effective to be used at communityor co-operative level.Development of IDM schedule for diseases of brinjal-An example: Brinjal suffers due todisease caused by Fungi, Bacteria, Viruses, Phytoplasma and Nematodes. However, among thedisease, damping-off (in nursery), Alternaria leaf spot, Cercospora leaf spot, Phomopsis blight andfruit rot, Sclerotinia blight and fruit rot, Bacterial wilt and Root-knot are the most important ones.The primary inoculum of the diseases listed above survives either in/on seed or soil as restingstructures or the infected crop debris as facultative saprophyte. The secondary inoculumsproduced after infection, disseminate through the agency of air, water, insect and duringintercultural operations and therefore schedule development must attack initial as well assecondary inoculums.- 94 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)The schedulei. Use raised nursery bed and soil should be solarized, maintain plant density and soilii.iii.iv.moisture.Avoid frequent irrigations and heavy nitrogen application.Use healthy and certified seeds.Treat seed by physical and chemical means using heat or fungicide. Among fungicide,Thiram, Captan@ 0.25%, Carbendazim @ 0.1%, Apron @ 0.4%.v. Destruction of crop debris, deep summer ploughing, organic amendment, crop rotation,vi.vii.viii.ix.date of sowing/transplanting to be used as per recommendation.While transplanting root treatment either with fungicide or bio-agent.Application of nematicide /fungicide/ for the control of inoculum existing in soil.Foliar application of required pesticides.Use of resistant/to tolerant varieties/ cultivars.Table: Minimum field standards for diseases in certification of vegetable seed production.Sl.No.Crop Named ofdisease1. Brinjal Phomopsis blightand fruit for2. Cabbage Black leg Black rotand andCauliflower Soft rotCausal organism (s)Maximum disease level atflowering/poding stage(%)Foundation Certifiedseed seedPhomopsis vexans 0.10 0.50Phoma lingamX. campestris pv.campestrisErwinina carotovorapv. carotovora0.10 0.503. Capsicum Anthracnose Colletotrichum capsici 0.10 0.50and Chilli4. Muskmelon Mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus 0.10 0.205. Raddish Black rot and X. campestris pv. 0.10 0.50Black legcampestrisPhoma lingam6. Tomato Early blight/leaf Alternaria solanispot, mosaic Tobacco mosaic virus7. Turnip Black rot X. campestris pv.campestrisREFERENCE0.10 0.500.10 0.501. Sherf, F. Ardem and A.A. Macnab 1986. Vegetable disease and their control. Second Ed. A WileyInter Science Pub, New Yourk, 727pp.2. Chaube, H.S and Ramji Singh, 2001. Introductory Plant Pathology, IBD Co.Lucknow PP.341- 360.3. Singh, R. S. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.New Delhi, 402 pp.4. Verm, L.R. & R.C. Sharm. 1999. Diseases of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables, Ornamental andMushroom) Indus Publishing Company New Delhi, 731 pp.- 95 -
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potential. An improvement in qualit
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9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
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9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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TRAININGONANNEXURE-IIISEED HEALTH M
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ANNEXURE-IVCENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDI
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SundayApril 6MondayApril 7TuesdayAp
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