Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)Examination of dry seeds: i. Visual observation of seeds. ii. Observations using a bright fieldmicroscope. iii. Observation under near-ultraviolet/UV light. iv. Use of adhesive tape.Seed soak and washing test: i. Seed soak test. ii. Washing test. iii. Spore identification.Culture methods: i. Incubation methods. ii. Dilution plate method. iii. Fluorescence method. iv.Tissue culture. v. Conductimetric assays. vi. Vegetative compatibility group analysis.Seeding symptom test: 1. Blotter test. ii. Agar test. iii. Rolled paper towel test. iv. Soil test. v.Seedling paraquat test. vi. Bell method. vii. Plant growth medium.Infectivity test: i. Fungi. ii. Bacteria. iii. Viruses. iv. Viroids.Histopathological test: i. Whole seed stain. ii. Seed component. iii. Microtome seed sections. iv.Embryo count method.Non-destructive seed assays: i. Biopsis assay. ii. Ultrasound analysis. III. Chlorophyllfluorescence. iv. High speed optical sorters. v. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). vi.Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) photoacoustic. vii. Computer image analysis.Bacteriophage testsImmunoassays: i. Precipitin test. ii. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). iii. Dotimmunobindingassay (DIBA). iv. Single antibody dot immunoassay (SADI). v. Serologicallyspecific electron microscopy (SSEM). vi. Immunofluorescence assay (IF). vii. Immunofluroscencecolony staining (IFC). viii. Radiommunoassays (RISA). ix. Solid phase radioimmunoassay(SPRIA). x. Immunogold labelling. xi. Enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). xii.Dispersedyeimmunoassay (DIA). xiii. Solid phase immunosorbent methods. xiv. Direct immunostainingassay. xv. Vector based assays.Nucleic acid based techniques: 1. Nucleic acid probes. ii. Restriction fragment lengthpolymorphisms (RFLP) analysis. iii. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Electrophoresis: i. Starch get electrophoresis. ii. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. iii. Isozymenanalysis.Estimation of fungal metabolites: i. Chitin and glucosamines. ii. Ergosterol. iii. Volatilemetabolites.Estimation of fungicides on treated seeds: i. Visual observation of seeds for dye intensity. ii.Bioassay. iii. Colorimetric methods.Seed Testing ServicesKeeping pace with the changing needs of the seed industry, University can provide acomprehensive variety of tests designed and integrated to meet the needs of our customers.Standard seed testing procedures including vigor (accelerated aging andelectroconductivity), viability (standard germination and TZ), physical purity, noxious weed examsand analysis of seed mixtures.- 184 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)Isozyme Electrophoresis testing is a protein-based technology providing genetic purityinformation for hybrid and inbred seed lots. Powerful and effective, it can accurately detect thepresence of unwanted plant types in hybrid and inbred seed lots.Isoelectric Focusing is a highly versatile genetic purity testing method, with the ability toevaluate proteins from many different seed and crop species. IEF technology can be used toseparate the genetics of hybrids based upon either total protein markers or various enzymeproteins. IEF testing is a very accurate, reliable method of determining the genetic purity of a seedlot. Once the variety testing procedures have been identified selfing and outcrossing can quicklyand accurately be detected.To verify trait purity of genetically modified crops, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno SorbentAssay) technology is used to detect the presence of proteins produced by specific transgenes.This technology allows to perform: Qualitative tests for the presence or absence of protein Quantitative tests to determine the level of protein expressionDNA-based technology is the most specific and sensitive method of genetic purity testing.Using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology, DNA detection can: Verify the presence of valuable genes Identify genetic contamination in seed lots Detect and quantify adventitious presence (AP) of biotech events in seed lots or fieldpopulations Quantify the % sterile seeds in a seed lot Measure the percent recurrent parent and homozygosity in backcross breeding programs Map qualitative and quantitative traitsDetermine zygosity of selected traitsPlant tissue culture: a mean of producing disease-free planting materialsTissue culture is now being used for the mass production of plants that are reproducedvegetatively (by cuttings), or which are difficult to grow from seed for other reasons. Seedlingsgrown by tissue culture are rather expensive, compared to those grown from cuttings. However,tissue culture has the great advantage that it can remove viruses and other pathogens, ensuringthat the seedlings are free of any disease. It is thus a good technique for producing healthyfoundation stock. Tissue culture has made possible the mass production of disease-free anduniform plants. The technique thus brings farmers the great benefit of high-quality plantingmaterials of new high-value crops.Molecular typing for genetic purity determinationDifferent DNA markers are available, including RFLP (restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and AFLP (amplified fragment lengthpolymorphism). These markers are used to characterize a variety or line, and in this way protect- 185 -
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Page 219 and 220: potential. An improvement in qualit
Page 221 and 222: 9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
Page 223 and 224: 9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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