Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)Year 2002 2003 2004 AverageReduced tillage 47 55 9 37Ploughed 56 60 10 42Source: Crop Protection in Reduced Tillage Systems, 2006, TN580Common eyespotThe stem base disease common eyespot, is primarily spread through crop trash fromprevious crops. We would therefore expect higher levels of disease in reduced tillage crops, wherethere is more trash on the soil surface. This observation suggests that crop debris on the surfaceis not enough to increase the risk. It is possible that antagonists to common eyespot are alsogreater where there is a high level of trash. Alternatively, partially inverted trash may allow theeyespot fungus to overwinter more than eyespot fungus present on the surface.Table % eyespot on stem baseYear 2002 2003 2004 AverageReduced tillage 41.7 30.6 20.3 31Ploughed 39.0 35.6 32.6 37Source: Crop Protection in Reduced Tillage Systems, 2006, TN580FusariumFusarium is a common soil fungus which can attack the stems and also infect the ears,leading to potential mycotoxin issues. The researches have confirmed that reduced tillage did leadto an increase in stem base Fusarium in 2002 where disease levels were highest. Levels of headFusarium were low, but more attention will be needed to ensure good control of head Fusariumunder reduced tillage.ErgotErgot is a disease which can attack a wide range of grasses. It is a problem because thefungal bodies which develop on the heads and which are harvested with the grain are poisonous.Previous outbreaks tend to be associated with open flowering varieties of triticale, rye, wheat andbarley. Where the weather is cool at flowering, it can prolong the flowering period, increasing therisk of infection. Ergots which fall to the ground generally survive no more than one year. Wherethey are buried by ploughing, they will not be a source of disease. In a reduced tillage situation,ergots will remain on or near the surface, so there is a greater risk of infection in a second year. Agreater increase in cereal volunteers may also increase the risk of carry over between cerealcrops. Where disease levels become high, ploughing will need to be considered to bury the ergotson the surface.Cephalosporium leaf stripeIn the majority of cases, the disease is no more than a curiosity, but there are cases inScotland under reduced tillage, where yield losses can be excessive. These cases tend to be heavyclay continuous wheat fields where the trash is incorporated into the field. This is not surprising given- 82 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)the fungus is a slow growing fungus which carries over in trash. As such, there are usually warningsigns of a serious problem developing in a field over 2-3 years. The yield loss is predominately dueto excessive number of small tillers which die early, hence having poor grain fill.A complete break from wheat (and preferably barley, oats, grasses and volunteers) for atleast two years and in severe cases three years, is the best way to get disease levels back undercontrol. There is evidence in the USA and also Scotland that a single year break is insufficient timeto eradicate the problem. Seed treatments are not known to prevent the problem. This is notsurprising for a soilborne disease. Again in the USA there are indications of varietal differences,but there is insufficient information on the susceptibility of UK varieties.ConclusionIt can be concluded that RCT’s in seed crop health can be crucial for ensuring quality seedproduction at economical cost to help achieve sustainable food production in India. Productioncapacity, production efficiency and crop protection are the major pillars supporting the nationalproductivity. The major challenges involved in the agriculture are replacing the traditional tillagepractices and better utilization of the conservation practices by educating and training the farmersand extension functionaries in RCT. In long run, no technology option will alone be sufficient tomaintain food security or preserve soil and water resources. Thus, policies are needed to beframed and implemented to promote on large scale the efficient use of RCT in all kinds ofproduction systems.REFERENCES1. Bisht, P.S.; Pandey, P.C. and Singh, D.K. (2006). Effect of different sources of nutrients on riceyield and nutrients status in rice-wheat cropping. Extended summary. Golden JubileeNational Symposium on Conservation Agriculture and Environment. Oct., 26-28,2006, at New Delhi. On page 193-194.2. Grover, D.K. and Sharma, T. (2007). Zero-tillage-A profitable and resource saving technology,Indian Farming, April issue.3. Gupta, R. ; Jat. M.L.; Singh, S.; Singh, V.P. and Sharma, R.K. (2006). Resource conservationtechnology for rice production. Indian Farming. 57(7):42-45.4. Sahu, J.P.; Singh, N.P.; Kaushik,M.K.;Sharma,B.B. and Singh,V.K.2002.Effect of Rhizobiumphosphorus and potoash application on the productivity of lentil. Indian J.PulsesRes.15 (1): 39-42.5. Singh, N.P.; Sachan, R.S.; Pandey, P.C. and Bisht, P.S. (1999). Effect of decade long termfertilizer and manure application on soil fertility and productivity of rice-wheat systemin Mollisol. J. Indian Soc.Soil Sci. 47 (1): 72-80.6. Singh, K.P. (2004), IPM in Rice-Wheat Cropping System. Research Bulletin. No. 138. MicrosoftTechnoprint (I) Pvt. Ltd. Dehradun. 67p.- 83 -
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potential. An improvement in qualit
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9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
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9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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TRAININGONANNEXURE-IIISEED HEALTH M
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ANNEXURE-IVCENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDI
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SundayApril 6MondayApril 7TuesdayAp
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TuesdayApril 15WednesdayApril 16Thu
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