Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)Management of Plant Propagating Material for Quality Control in ForestCropsP.R. RajputDepartment of Agronomy, G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar-263145 (Uttarakhand)Civilization throughout the world is largely based upon man’s ability to propagate and growplants which can provide food, shelter, clothing aesthetic and other requirement. Plant propagationhas been a fundamental occupation since the time of Riguveda (1400 BC). Plant propagation aimsat the reproduction of selected individuals or group of individuals, in this basic principle of lifeimpose certain requirements which must be met with in practice for successful propagationnecessarily requires acknowledge of the science of structure, growth and function.Plant propagation requires a perfect knowledge of scientific back ground of life process,mechanical manipulation and technical skill to achieve desirable success. Plant reproduces bymeans of sexual and asexual methods which are detailed here.Propagation by SeedsPropagation by seed which an end product of sexual reproduction in flowering plants isvery common in nature as well as adopted by man for most of annuals, biennials and perennials.Some seeds germinate just after completion of their development while some seeds do notgerminate and pass through a period of rest i.e. dormancy. Dormant seeds need pregerminationtreatment such as scarification, acid or hot water treatment.Though propagation by seed is very common for field crops but it has certain limitationswith fruit trees, where number of seeds to be sown, production of fruits and their quality are ofparamount importance. Certified, nondormant vigorous and viable seeds are required to reproducea variety. Seedlings plants in number of cases are not true to the image of the parent. Seedlingsfrom cross fertilized seeds are generally heterozygous and produce plants which are not identicalto their parents on the contrary the homozygous seeds produce plants identical to their parents.The vigour and other quantitative and qualitative characters can be achieved if plants aresubjected asexual methods of reproduction.Forest tree species commonly propagated by seedAcacia nilotica,Adina cordifolia,Dalbergia sissoo,Erythrina blakei,Pinus roxburghii,Gmelina arborea,Prosopis juliflora,Toona ciliata, etc.- 142 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)Advantage of propagation by seedlings Seedlings are long lived, hardy and easier to propagate. Only method of propagation where large scale vegetative propagation is not possible as inthe case of mangosteen, phals papaya etc. The hybrids are first raised from seeds to develop a variety. Polyembryonic seedlings raise plants true to the type. These may be used to raiseuniformaly identical plants. Root-stock of plants propagated by seeds in usually hardy.Disadvantages of propagation by seeds Genetic variation occurs in seed from cross-pollinated plants Some plants take a long time to grow from seed to maturityVegetative PropagationVegetative or asexual reproduction is based on the ability of plants to regenerate its partsand tissues. Vegetative propagation is the formation of new independent plants from a part of theparent tissue. Vegetative propagation ensures the production of exact copies of trees selected forsuperior characters. Vegetative propagation can be achieved in several ways by involvingadventitious or dormant buds. The vegetative parts of plants are able to develop roots when theyare planted by different ways e.g. by coppice and root suckers, branch and stem cuttings, rhizomecuttings in bamboos, root section cuttings and stump cuttings. Various horticultural techniques viz.,layering, grafting, budding, tissue culture techniques, etc. are useful for propagation of somespecies.Advantages of Vegetative Propagation A single stock can provide large number of plants. Plants are genetically identical to parent plants and have similar growth and form When trees are not producing seeds or if the seeds are not viable vegetative propagation methodsare quite useful. Plants take less time to develop therefore; it is normally easier and cheaper. Ithelps to utilize maximum genetic gains in a shortest time. It helps to make investment in trees moreattractive by (a) increasing yield and quality and (b) shortening rotation.Disadvantages of Vegetative PropagationOnly few species can be raised by this method. Many species do not root even incontrolled conditions. Even if they root the rooting is poor and unsatisfactory. The thickness, age,etc. of cutting should be proper. Vegetative propagation is easier with young trees, but becomesmore difficult as trees age. The plant tissue culture techniques may be useful in propagating oldtrees. The physiological and environmental factors play an important role in the propagation ofwoody plants.Methods of Vegetative Propagation Macro-propagation and- 143 -
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potential. An improvement in qualit
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9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
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9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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TRAININGONANNEXURE-IIISEED HEALTH M
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ANNEXURE-IVCENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDI
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SundayApril 6MondayApril 7TuesdayAp
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TuesdayApril 15WednesdayApril 16Thu
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Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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