Seed Health Management for Better Productivity - Govind Ballabh ...

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(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)‣ Biocontrol agents T. harzianum and P. fluorescens have been found effective in increasing thegrowth of plants and reducing the severity of zonate leaf spot. G. virens and T. viride havebeen found most effective against anthracnose pathogen.‣ The cause of Khaira as zinc deficiency was established for the first time and zinc sulphate+slacked lime application schedule was developed for the control of the disease‣ Inoculation technique was developed to create “Kresek” phase in rice seedlings. Pre-planting rootexposure technique in a suspension of 10 8 cells/ml for 24 hrs gave the maximum “Kresek”. Rootinoculation, in general was found better for development of wilt symptoms than shoot inoculation.‣ A simple technique has been developed to detect the pathogen in and/or on seeds. Thepresence of viable pathogen has been demonstrated from infected seeds stored at roomtemperature up to 11 months after harvest.‣ The disease is sporadic in occurrence often becomes serious in nature. Chemical control trialsshowed that the disease can effectively be controlled by giving 2-3 foliar sprays ofstreptocycline @ 15 g/ha.‣ A number of new fungicides along with recommended ones and botanicals were tested againstsheath blight. Foliar sprays with Anvil, Contaf, Opus, Swing and RIL F004 @ 2 ml/l and Tilt @1 ml/l were found highly effective in controlling sheath blight. Foliar sprays with Neem gold @20 ml /lit. or Neem azal @ 3ml/lit. was found significantly effective in reducing sheath blightand increasing grain yield.‣ Foliar sprays with talc based formulations of the bioagents (Trichoderma harzianum, orPseudomonas fluorescence, rice leaf isolates) were found effective in reducing sheath blightand increasing grain yield. Foliar sprays with the bioagents (T.harzianum) or P. fluorescence)given 7 days before inoculation with R. solani was highly effective against the disease.‣ Seed or soil treatment with T. harzianum or P. fluorescence @ 2, 4 or 8 g/kg enhanced rootand shoot growth and fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings.‣ Seed treatment with fungorene followed by one spray of carbendazim (@ 0.05% at tillering atdiseases appearance) and two sprays of Hinosan @ 0.1% at panicle initiation and 50%flowering was most effective and economical treatment in reducing the disease intensity andincreasing the yield.‣ For the first time, true sclerotia were observed in Kumaon and Garhwal regions at an altitude of900 m above. True sclerotia have a dormancy period of approximately six months. Exposure ofsclerotia to near ultraviolet radiation for an hour breaks the dormancy and increasedgermination.‣ Trichoderma may reduce population of earthworm invermicomposting during early days‣ An repository of >600 isolates of biocontrol agents developed atPantnagar & Ranichauri. These isolates are suited for differentcrops & agro-ecological conditions.- 18 -
(Seed Health Management for Better Productivity)‣ Isolates of T. virens capable of colonizing sclerotia of Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium and Sclerotiniaisolated for the first time. It may have great potential.‣ Standard methods developed for testing hyphal and sclerotial colonization.‣ 16 new technologies related with mass multiplication and formulation of microbial bioagentsdeveloped and are in the process of being patented.‣ Effect of different physical factors and extracts on the germination of true sclerotia was studied.Maximum germination was observed at 25 0 C and at pH 6.0, in fluorescent light. Among thesubstratum, maximum germination occurred on moist sand. Soil extract was more favourablethan other extracts. The number of stipes and mature head formation was directly correlatedwith the size and weight of the sclerotia.‣ The viability of the 3 propagules namely; conidia, pseudo and true sclerotia stored underdifferent conditions showed that conidia remain viable from 2-3 months, pseudo- sclerotia from4-6 months and true sclerotia up to 11 months at room temperature and under field conditions.True sclerotia buried at different depth (2.5 to 10 cm) in soil germinated well, but scleroitaburied at 15 cm depth did not germinate and rotted.‣ Discoloured grains of various types were grouped according to their symptoms. The fungiresponsible for each type of symptoms were identified. Ash grey discolouration of glumesseparated by dark brown band was caused by Alternaria alternata and Nigrospora oryzae.Spots with dark brown margin and ash grey centre by Curvularia lunata and Alternariaalternata, light yellow to light brown spots by C. pallescens, Fusarium equiseti and N. oryzae,Brown to black dot by Phyllosticta oryzae Dark brown to black spot and specks by Drechsleravictoriae, D. rostratum and D. oryzae, light to dark brown glumes by Sarocladium oryzae andD. oryzae, and light to dark brown spots by D. Australiense.‣ Rice varieties Manhar, Narendra 80, Saket 7, Ajaya, Bansmati, 385 showed higher incidence(34.1 to 41.8%) whereas Sarju 52, UPR 1561-6-3, Pusa 44, Jaya, Pant Dhan 10 and improvedSharbati exhibited lower (18.4-22.3%) incidence of seed discolouration. Bipolaris oyzaecaused highest seed discolouration which is followed by Fusarium moniliforme, curvularialunata and Fusarium graminium in all the test varieties.‣ On the basis of the symptoms pattern and transmissibility of the pathogen through grafting anderiophyied mite (Aceria cajani), presence of foreign ribonucleic protein and nuclear inclusionlike bodies in the phloem cell indicated the viral (RNA virus) nature of the pathogen of sterilitymosaic of pigeon pea. The vector mite of the pathogen was found on lower surface of leavesof Canavis sativus and Oxalis circulata weeds in this area. Mild mosaic, ring spot and severemosaic symptoms were observed in different as well as same cultivar. This observation revealsthe presence of variation in the pathogen.‣ Germplasm lines/ cultivars screened viz; ICP 14290, ICP 92059,ICP 8093, KPBR 80-2-2, PL366, ICPL 371, Bahar, NP (WR) 15.were found resistan against Phytophthora stem blight.- 19 -
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potential. An improvement in qualit
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9. Session Arrangement CommitteeDr.
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9. Dr. Pradip Kumar BorahSr. Scient
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TRAININGONANNEXURE-IIISEED HEALTH M
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ANNEXURE-IVCENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDI
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SundayApril 6MondayApril 7TuesdayAp
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TuesdayApril 15WednesdayApril 16Thu
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