FIMA Year Book 2009 - Federation of Islamic Medical Associations

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Problem Based Learning in Medical CurriculaAn Islamic PerspectiveAfshan Khan*Abstract:Problem based learning, PBL, has been used in medical educationsince 1970. It is one of the techniques used in “Student CenteredLearning”. It is known that Self Directed Learning, SDL, has clear longterm benefits in enhancing student learning.. Educational institutionsin Muslim countries have similarly incorporated these new teachingparadigms and educational methodologies with significant progressand success. Though not the only method of learning in SDL, PBLremains one of its cornerstone strategy. Various tertiary educationalinstitutions in Muslim countries, amongst them the InternationalIslamic University of Malaysia have adopted this teaching modalityand have infused it with affective and Islamic values.This paper reviews the literature about PBL and concepts related toit and attempts at conceptualizing medical education through PBLfrom an Islamic framework.Keywords: Problem based learning, student centered learning, Islamicmedical education.Dr. Afshan Khan, AP PMC PediatricsDirector, Undergraduate Medical ResearchPeshawar Medical College, Peshawar, PakistanE-mail: palwasha.bibi@gmail.comFIMA YearBook 200947
Problem Based LearningIntroduction:Learner centered education is currentlyan accepted international standard ofexcellence in the world of graduate aswell as undergraduate education. Theconcept of learner centered education isnot a new one. The shift from traditionalTeacher Centered Learning to currentStudent Centered Learning in medicineoccurred in 1970’s. Student CenteredLearning is also termed self directed orlearner centered learning. Self directedlearning, SDL, is defined as studentstaking the initiative and subsequentsteps for their own learning: studentslead in diagnosing their learning needs,formulating multidimensional goals anddesired learning outcomes, identifyingacademic and contextual resources,working in groups in prioritizing andimplementing appropriate tasks andactions and finally evaluating their ownoutcomes (1) .Learner Centered Education is,therefore, the most widely acceptedapproach to fulfilling the needs of AdultLearning in any educational systemincluding medical education (2) .Adults are motivated by learning that:• Is perceived as relevant• Is based on, and builds on, theirprevious experiences• Is participatory and activelyinvolves them• Is focused on problems• Is designed so that they cantake responsibility for their ownlearning• Can be immediately applied in practice• Involves cycles of action andreflection• Is based on mutual trust andrespect, (3)It can be clearly seen from abovedescriptions that concepts of SDL andAdult Learning are quite concordant.Self directed learning is an activeprocess. It encourages the adoptionof the deep approach to learningfirst. Deep learning, as opposed tosurface learning, is an active search forunderstanding. Surface learning merelyencourages students to reproduce whathas been learnt. Research has identifiedthe student’s approach to learningsurfaceor deep-as the crucial factorin determining the quality of learningoutcomes, (5) . A surface approach iscommon in courses that have a heavyworkload, an unrealistic and excessiveamount of course material, little orno opportunity to pursue subjects indepth, dictated choice over study areasand topics, and an examination orassessment system that provokes anxietyand mainly rewards rote memory andreproduction of facts even in absence ofability to apply that knowledge in reallife situations.Education systems that aim for deeperlearning, on the other hand, providea context in which main motivationis the learner’s need to know, (5) . Suchsystems support active learning andexploratory study through researchin small groups supported by a wellstructured knowledge base and preconceivedlearning outcomes. Aimsand objectives, modes of informationFIMA YearBook 200948
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FIMAYear Book 2009Federation of Isl
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Publisher:JORDAN SOCIETY FOR ISLAMI
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EditorialDear FIMA membersAssalamu
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Editoriala moral endeavor that requ
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EditorialIt has been updated severa
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Page 18 and 19: Federation Of Islamic MedicalAssoci
Page 20 and 21: A 13-Year Experience Of Integrating
Page 22 and 23: A 13-Year ExperienceIslamization Of
Page 24 and 25: A 13-Year Experiencecarried out. I
Page 26 and 27: A 13-Year ExperienceThe selection o
Page 28 and 29: A 13-Year Experienceof feedback fro
Page 30 and 31: A 13-Year Experienceat the Faculty
Page 32 and 33: A 13-Year ExperienceNigeria (156-15
Page 34 and 35: A 13-Year ExperienceInternational I
Page 36 and 37: A 13-Year Experiencetripod.com.50.
Page 38 and 39: A 13-Year Experience2007) lecture n
Page 40 and 41: A 13-Year Experience110. --- The Nu
Page 42 and 43: A 13-Year ExperienceManagement from
Page 44 and 45: A 13-Year ExperiencePaper presented
Page 46 and 47: A 13-Year ExperienceIndonesia on 21
Page 48 and 49: Inculcating Islamic Input in the Cu
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Page 56 and 57: Inculcating Islamic InputAttitude:T
Page 58 and 59: Inculcating Islamic Inputtaught ?
Page 60 and 61: Inculcating Islamic Inputmore strat
Page 62 and 63: Inculcating Islamic Input1. SPIRITm
Page 64 and 65: Inculcating Islamic InputMedical Ed
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Page 74 and 75: Problem Based LearningReferences1.
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Page 78 and 79: Teaching Medical Professionalism•
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Page 88 and 89: Workshopvi. Breaking bad newsvii. M
Page 90 and 91: WorkshopConclusionsThis workshop is
Page 92 and 93: The Concept OfIslamic Medical Educa
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Page 102 and 103: Ethical Issues Related ToMedical Ed
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Ethical Issuesverity, Allah has not
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Muslim Contributions To Research:Pa
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Muslim Contributions(medicine) are
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Muslim Contributionsof hospitals we
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Muslim ContributionsZahrawi (Abulca
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Muslim Contributionsdevoted to the
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Muslim Contributionsphilosophy. Kha
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Muslim Contributionsswept across th
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Muslim Contributionsanother in thei
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Muslim ContributionsMuslim countrie
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esearch output. There are essential
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Muslim ContributionsThe first step
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Muslim Contributionsundergoing an e
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Muslim Contributions1. Research Act
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Muslim ContributionsReferences:1. I
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Clinicians As Effective Researchers
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Ethics of Clinical Research:An Isla
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Ethics of Clinical ResearchInternat
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Ethics of Clinical ResearchBiomedic
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Ethics of Clinical Researchin agree
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Ethics of Clinical Researchor preve
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Ethics of Clinical Researchguidelin
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Ethics of Clinical Researchspecial
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Ethics of Clinical Researchto Islam
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Ethics of Clinical ResearchReferenc
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Quality Assurance and Accreditation
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Quality Assurancehighest goals. Ach
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Quality Assurancewould need to be d
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Quality Assurance3) Emphasis on dis
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Quality Assurancecurricula that mus
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Quality Assuranceedge knowledge in
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Quality Assuranceperfection in all
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Quality AssuranceRoberts, C., Ross,
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Instructions To AuthorsAuthors shou
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Services; 2001.Instructionsg. Chapt
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FIMA Year Book 2009 - Federation of Islamic Medical Associations

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