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POTENTIAL OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES:A POSSIBILITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?79No. Type of jamu tonic Main herbs Optional herbs Quality/Function1 Jamu beraskencur Beras (Oryza sativa), kencur(Kaempferia galangal)2 Jamu kunyitasam Kunyit (turmeric) and asamjava (tamarind)3 Jamucabelempuyang4 Jamu pahitan(Bitter medicine)Table 12: Different kinds of Jamu.Cabe jawa (Piperretrofractum) and lempuyang(Zingiber americans )Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.)and sambiloto (Andrographispaniculata Burm.f.)5 Jamu kunci suruh Temu kunci and serai(lemongrass), asam java(tamarind)Jahe (Zingiber officinale),kunyit (Curcuma domestica),asam java (Tamarindusindica), cengkeh (Syzygiumaromaticum), kapulaga(Amomum cardamomum),pala (Myristica fragrans),kedawung , kayu keningar,jeruk nipisTemu lawak (Curcumaxanthorriza), kedawung, pala(nutmeg), kayu manis(cinnamon), jeruk nipis(lemon)Jahe (ginger), temu lawak(Curcuma xanthorriza),kunyit, kencur, pala,temu ireng,adas, pulosari, kedawung, asamjawa, merica.Widoro laut, doro putih,babakan pule, adas, emponempon(many rhizomes usedfor cooking)Beluntas, delima, pinang, kuncipepet, Majakan jambe, manisjangan, kayu legi and kencur.6 Jamu kudulaos Kudu and laos (galangal)S Serai (lemongrass), jahe, kayumanis.7 Jamu Uyup-uyup /Gepyokan8 Wedang uwuh(Garbage drink)Empon-empon such as jahe,kunyit, laos, kencur, bangle,temu lawak, lempuyang, temuhitamSecang, jahe, daun kayu manis,cengkeh, gula batu (stone sugar)Commonly used. Many herbswith a hot quality arecombined together.Jeruk nipis (When a littlelemon juice is added to wedanguwuh it changes from red toyellow color, so it is calledJavanese beer (bir java))This jamu helps people withmuscular, joint and bone pain. It iscommonly consumed by farmers orworkers but can also be drunk byanyone to refresh the body, improveappetite, neutralize daily toxins,clean the intestines and improvegeneral health.It helps to clean the blood. Drinkingit regularly helps to keep the skinclear and beautiful. It is used toprevent menstrual pain and toregulate the menstrual flow, so it isforbidden for women in earlypregnancy. It is refreshing. It has acold quality so it can be used toreduce heat in the stomach and inthe body (panas dalam).It helps to warm the body. It helpsrelieve muscular and back pain. Ithas a warm quality so it also helpswith numbness and is good forasthma.This bitter jamu help to cool theblood. It is good for fever, diabetes,acne, itching, dizziness and forimproving the appetite.It is especially used for women'shealth care, including reducingvaginal discharge and body odor andrestoring the uterus after childbirth.It has a warm quality. It helps topromote blood circulation, improvemenstrual flow, improve cleaning ofthe uterus after childbirth, improveappetite and refresh the body.It helps to increase mother’s milkand prevent bad body odor.Commonly consumed by womenafter childbirth.It helps to keep the body warm andprevents wind from entering thebody (masuk angin).For normal jamu, one main herb is normally used andothers may be added. Palm sugar or gula aren is addedto create a sweet taste and because it has healthbenefits. It is believed that this kind of sugar can relieveproblems associated with asthma. The jamu pahitandoes not use sugar. After drinking this kind of jamupeople usually drink a little sweet jamu, called petawar.Wedang uwuh means “garbage drink,” because manyherbs are put together in a glass and hot water added.Wedang uwuh uses stone sugar instead of palm sugar.Sometimes if the jamu is meant to nourish energy,such as to provide male potency or to treat tiredness ordizziness due to lack of energy or low blood pressure,one can also add a hen or duck egg, mixed with honeyand lemon juice.The Work of the 2010/2011 API Fellows
80 Panel 2The same instinct but new behavior: Reasons whyJavanese increasingly have diabetesEach ethnic group has its own local environment inwhich it has been living and adapting over manygenerations. The process of adaptation is veryimportant in order to satisfy people’s physical andemotional needs. Thus, Javanese’ different behaviorsthrough different periods, conscious or not, are rootedin strong causes.Either by nature or through heredity, the Javanese tendto eat sweet foods. The number of diabetics is higheramong Javanese than other ethnic groups. Elderlypeople who have known at least 50 years of rapidchange post-colonization, modernization andglobalization told me that they believe that fewerJavanese had diabetes in the past. Changing patterns offood consumption is a likely cause. Javanese’ love ofsweet taste has remained but the traditional manner ofconsumption has changed.Yogyakarta is a special administrative territory that hasmaintained old traditions while also embracing newbehaviors due to globalization and immigration. It hasmany universities and many students, who embracemodernity, but it is also still a Sultanate and customsand traditions from ancient times are preserved. Whenpeople talk about Yogyakarta they may refer to “Jogja,”or to “city of students” (kota pelajar), “city of culture”(kota budaya) or the popular Gudeg city (Kota Gudeg).Gudeg is a famous local food made of chopped youngjackfruit (nangka muda/gori) which is cooked andmixed with ingredients such as red onion, garlic,galangal, lemongrass, palm sugar and many others. Theingredients are cooked for a long time in coconut milkuntil the mixture turns dark brown. There are twotypes of gudeg. Gudeg basah is “wet” and contains morewater. Gudeg kering is cooked until it is almost dry.Jogja people cultivate a lot of jackfruit. They use thewood of the jackfruit tree to build houses. They saythat the wood is second only to teak. There is a saying“Gudeg must be dark; otherwise, it will be lodeg(coconut milk soup)”. In the past, the Jogja people putteak leaves (daun jati) in gudeg in order to get a darkred color soup in which to put the young jackfruit andother ingredients. However, nowadays local people donot do this as they feel it will look dirty.Actually, the use of teak leaves is an old wisdom thatprovides good health benefits. It has the ability tocontrol sugar in the blood. If consumed regularly, ithelps to prevent diabetes. Moreover, the leaves have apreservative effect, so there is no need to use chemicalpreservatives. This is strong example of how aneveryday food is also a medicine.Javanese have been cultivating and using palm sugar intheir food and desserts for hundreds of years. In 1860,during the colonial period, the Dutch established thefirst sugar factory in Gondong Baru, Central Java. Thisled to huge sugar cane cultivation and the productionof white sugar.Elderly people believe that the use of white sugar is themain factor causing diabetes. They believe the use ofgula jawa does not lead to diabetes. The author’sopinion is that the Javanese are genetically accustomedto their own sugar. Moreover, gula aren (palm sugarfrom the aren palm) has a medicinal quality.Young people now and especially students tend to eatat outdoor restaurants or street restaurants. They liketo drink iced tea or lemon juice with ice. The drinksare mostly ready-made and fortified with white sugar.Most of the ice sold in Indonesia is of low quality andcan put consumers at risk of diarrhea.In the past, many Javanese and other Indonesians hadthe custom of drinking hot water, which probablyhelped prevent the spread of diseases like cholera. Hotwater helps prevent surplus fat. Hot water helps toregulate blood circulation and menstrual cycles. Manyrestaurants and homes still serve hot water.The daily drink of Javanese in the past was tea frommengkudu/pace (Morinda citrifolia L.) and tea frommurbei/besaran (morus alba L.). Most householdsgrew one of these teas. The tea leaves helped preventdiabetes and hypertension, and controlled fat in theblood. The tea leaves also balanced women’s emotionsduring menstruation and the menopause. After aperson had worked hard in the fields, the teas reducedfatigue, moderated the neuro system and supportedbetter sleep. Nowadays, those who maintain this habitare mainly elderly people, higher-status families andthose associated with palace culture.Today fewer people (elderly women are an exception)drink the jamu pahitan (bitter medicine) whichcontrols corporal heat, nourishes the pancreas andprevents diabetes.The Javanese also have a side dish similar to a salad thathas anti-diabetes properties. It is eaten together withThe Work of the 2010/2011 API Fellows
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CULTURE, POWER AND PRACTICES:THE GL
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viABOUT THE BOOKCULTURE, POWER AND
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viiiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe API Coordin
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x(co-authored with Gunawan Wiradi,
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xiiSri Wahyuni is the director of t
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xivThe gap between rich and poor is
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xviand development mainly: Economy,
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xviiiIn closing, I would like to qu
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xxmovements to defend their rights,
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xxiicomplex relationships between f
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xxivIndonesian Academy of Social Sc
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MULTIPLE MODERNITIES: GLOBALIZATION
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Page 56 and 57: MULTIPLE MODERNITIES: GLOBALIZATION
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MULTIPLE IDENTITIES VIA SPIRITUALIT
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FLUX AND FLOWS OF PEOPLE, POWER AND
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OPENING REMARKS AND OVERVIEWDr. Rat
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247There is also a massive movement
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249need to be looked at, as globali
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251Appendix IWorkshop ScheduleThe T
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25313:00 - 15:00 Concluding PanelCh
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255THAILANDAroon Puritat, Artist an
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257RAPPORTEURSGarry MorrisonMarian
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Communication, Education and Public
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261have used tourism as a mechanism
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263Panel 4: Multiple Modernities vi
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265out how Asian women politicians
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267CONTACT DETAILS (as of March 201
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