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249need to be looked at, as globalization changes the nature of labor. Many labor policies and laws are not consistentwith reality. There is still a push by governments to deport migrant workers as they do not have legal status orwork permits. As a result, many migrants have to go underground where they become victims of corrupt officialsand are exploited. Tourism is another sector that needs to be addressed. In the case of Thailand, there are manysex tourists traveling to the country, which opens space for sexual exploitation. In this globalized world, mobilitywill take place and it will increase in the coming decades. The question is how to make this migration safe and howpeople can access their rights, care and safety not just at home but also in the host country.PLENARY DISCUSSION OVERVIEW AND CLOSING REMARKSPlenary discussion began with questioning around the concept of development itself. What does it mean? Whosedevelopment is it? Development for who? It was said that development needs to take into account the reactions oflocal peoples. A point was made that discussions needed to take place in a sustainable and productive manner,instead of just contesting top-down approaches. Prof. Surichai emphasized the importance of creating platformsfor sharing information and experiences, and the importance of pushing for public responsibility and an agendapromoting human dignity. Dr. Chayan pointed out that projects like Dawei and Map Tha Put are not onlybacked by Thailand but have received investment from Japan and Singapore. So these issues are not only forASEAN but rather ASEAN+.Some recommendations presented by the public concerned networking with local people’s <strong>org</strong>anizations andtrying to encourage local schools and NGOs to be more involved. It was suggested that research be conductedjointly and analyzed collectively with very strong local participation. There was a recommendation to encourage“alternate” development that would be more community-based. Another suggestion was to use more visual toolsfor sharing information on education and campaigns. This would be very helpful in advocacy work. Media canplay a vital role in getting factual images to the masses.In his concluding remarks Prof. Surichai said sharing information has the power to build solidarity among peoplewith similar concerns and to change the minds of the public and the state. He stated that ethical developmentshould mean human values as well as economic aspects. He hoped that the API forum would stimulate discussionand open more space for innovative engagement with ASEAN and ASEAN+ in developing human developmentstandards with a rights-based approach and accountability.ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMSADB - Asian Development BankAPI - Asia Public IntellectualsASEAN - The Association of Southeast Asian NationsBPO - Business Process OutsourcingCI - Confucius InstituteCMU - Chiang Mai UniversityCLMV - Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and VietnamCRC - Convention on the Rights of the ChildDSEZ - Dawei Special Economic ZoneEGAT - Electricity Generating Authority of ThailandFDI - Foreign Direct InvestmentGMS - Greater Mekong Sub-regionThe Work of the 2010/2011 API Fellows
250KNLA - Karen National Liberation ArmyMoU - Memorandum of UnderstandingMRBC - Mekong River Basin CountriesNGOs - Non-governmental OrganizationsRCSD - Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable DevelopmentSEA - Southeast AsiaTRAFCORD - Anti-Trafficking Coordination Unit northern ThailandREFERENCES1Offshoring is defined here as the delegation of some part of a business from one company to another company. The secondcompany relocates production processes to other countries, usually on a different continent.The Work of the 2010/2011 API Fellows
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CULTURE, POWER AND PRACTICES:THE GL
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viABOUT THE BOOKCULTURE, POWER AND
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viiiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe API Coordin
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x(co-authored with Gunawan Wiradi,
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xiiSri Wahyuni is the director of t
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xivThe gap between rich and poor is
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xviand development mainly: Economy,
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xviiiIn closing, I would like to qu
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xxmovements to defend their rights,
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xxiicomplex relationships between f
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xxivIndonesian Academy of Social Sc
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MULTIPLE MODERNITIES: GLOBALIZATION
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POTENTIAL OF LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND PR
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FLUX AND FLOWS OF PEOPLE, POWER AND
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Page 272 and 273: OPENING REMARKS AND OVERVIEWDr. Rat
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