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MULTIPLE IDENTITIES VIA SPIRITUALITY, HISTORIES AND CULTURAL RE-PRESENTATIONS 179Direction. In Theorizing about Intercultural Communication, ed.W. B. Gudykunst. Sage, Thousand Oaks.Jones, David Martin. 2008. Security and Democracy: TheASEAN Charter and the Dilemmas of Regionalism in South-East Asia. International Affairs 84: 4: 735-756.Jones, Michael E. 2004. F<strong>org</strong>ing an ASEAN Identity: TheChallenge to Construct a Shared Destiny. ContemporarySoutheast Asia 26, No1: 140-154.Lampton, David. 2008. The Three Faces of Chinese Power:Might, Money, and Minds. Berkeley: University of CaliforniaPress.Leary, Mark. 1996. Self-Presentation Impression Managementand Interpersonal Behavior. Boulder: West View Press.The Sunday Times. March 18, 1978.Thambipillai, Pushpa. 1980. Regional cooperation anddevelopment: the case of ASEAN and its external relations.Unpublished thesis. University of Hawaii.Turner, John et al. ed.1987. Rediscovering the Social Group. ASelf-Categorization Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.Wendt, Alexander. 1994. Collective Identity Formation and theInternational State. The American Political Science Review 88,No2: 386-390.Wolters O.W. 1999. History, Culture and Region in SoutheastAsian Perspective. Revised edition. Cornell University SoutheastAsia Program.Legge, John. 1992. The Writing of Southeast Asian History. TheCambridge History of Southeast Asia Vol.1. CambridgeUniversity Press.Nguyen, Vu Tung. 2002. Vietnam-ASEAN Cooperation Afterthe Cold War and the Continued Search for a TheoreticalFramework. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 24 (1): 106-20.Palmujoki, Aero. 2007. Vietnam’s integration into the World:National and Global Interfaces. In Vietnam’s New OrderInternational Perspectives on the State and Reform in Vietnam.ed. S. Balme and M. Sidel. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 119-133.Pitsuvan, Surin. 1998. Speech at the Foreign CorrespondenceClub, Bangkok, August 11.Schlenker, Barry. 1980. Impression Management: The Self-Concept, Social Identity, and Interpersonal Relations. ColeMonterey, CA: Brooks.Simon, Bernd. 2004. Identity in Modern Society. A SocialPsychological Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell.Solidum, Estrella. 1974. Towards a Southeast Asia Community.Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.Stryker, Sheldon. 1987. Identity Theory: Developments andExtensions. In Self and Identity: Psychological Perspective, ed. K.Yardley and T. Honess. New York: Wiley.Tajfel, Henri and John Turner. 1986. The social identity theoryof intergroup behavior. In The Social Psychology of IntergroupRelations, ed. S. Worchel and W. G. Austin. Cole Monterey,CA: Brooks.Tambiah, S.J. 1985. Culture, Thought, and Social Action: AnAnthropological Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard UniversityPress.The Work of the 2010/2011 API Fellows
180 Panel 4Collective Memories, Jargons, Rituals and Perceptions: Toward a BroaderScope and General Recognition of Pengetahuan Lokal in DisasterPreparednessBenigno C. BalgosIntroductionPengetahuan lokal (local knowledge) is referred to bythe United Nations International Strategy for DisasterReduction (UNISDR) as “sets of methods and practicesdeveloped by a group of people from an advanceunderstanding of the local environment, which hasformed over numerous generations of habitation”.The disaster risk reduction (DRR) communityconsiders the Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004 to be theimpetus for recognizing local knowledge as crucial todeveloping the adaptive capacity of the vulnerablecommunities. The incident has been deemed one ofthe worst disasters in contemporary history in terms ofmagnitude, lives claimed, and damage to propertiesBaumwoll (2008) observed that within the DRRcommunity, there is no unified definition of localknowledge. In fact, across DRR literature, differentterms are being used to connote community-basedknowledge in DRR (i.e., indigenous knowledge, localwisdom, and local knowledge). The divergence innomenclature, as well as the nonexistence of anintegrated definition, is a testament to the fact that thediscourse is ongoing.Alternatively, some interests groups have ventured onputting meaning to the concept of local knowledgeand on delineating its contours, depending on thegroups’ political interest. Consequently, there arecertain types of local knowledge that aredisenfranchised and overlooked in the prevailingliterature.Upon reviewing the existing literature on localknowledge in DRR, the researcher chose to extensivelyuse the works of Mercer (2009) and Dekens (2007aand 2007b). This is precisely because the two recentlylooked into the concept and linked it to contemporarydisaster issues.Contentions on Local KnowledgeTaking on a more scientific and technical approach inlooking at local knowledge, Mercer (2009) holds thatnot all types of local knowledge are significant inreducing disaster risk. She points to a tendency toromanticize the concept and recommends choosingonly relevant local knowledge that can be effectivelyused in minimizing the impacts of disasters.In the current debate on the significance of the role oflocal knowledge in enhancing adaptive capacity duringdisasters, the “usability” of certain community-basedknowledge and practices has also been the primarypoint of divergence between the DRR community andthe Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) community(Venton et al., 2008).In complete contrast, the more integrative and allinclusiveapproach of Dekens (2007a) posits theexistence of several types of local knowledge used indisaster preparedness, namely: (1) technical knowledge;(2) environmental and agricultural knowledge; (3)knowledge about development project; and, (4) socioculturaland historical knowledge. Among these,Dekens (2007a, 22) reveals that only technicalknowledge is mostly associated with disastermanagement, while socio-cultural and historicalknowledge, however significant, have beenmarginalized in the literature.Chakrabarti et al. (2009) held that critics of localknowledge as an important resource adaptive capacitycenter their arguments on: (1) its difficulty of itstransfer because of its being context and culturespecific;and, (2) its lack of intensive documentation.To address these concerns, the publication IndigenousKnowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction: Policy Notereveals that research and documentation can be used toadvance the significance of local knowledge in policies.The policy note declares that through research anddocumentation, unchronicled practices will bedocumented and eventually converted to intoThe Work of the 2010/2011 API Fellows
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CULTURE, POWER AND PRACTICES:THE GL
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viABOUT THE BOOKCULTURE, POWER AND
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viiiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe API Coordin
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x(co-authored with Gunawan Wiradi,
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xiiSri Wahyuni is the director of t
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xivThe gap between rich and poor is
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xviand development mainly: Economy,
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xviiiIn closing, I would like to qu
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xxmovements to defend their rights,
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xxiicomplex relationships between f
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xxivIndonesian Academy of Social Sc
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MULTIPLE MODERNITIES: GLOBALIZATION
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58 Panel 2(Left) Kurazukuri are anc
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OPENING REMARKS AND OVERVIEWDr. Rat
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247There is also a massive movement
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249need to be looked at, as globali
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251Appendix IWorkshop ScheduleThe T
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25313:00 - 15:00 Concluding PanelCh
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255THAILANDAroon Puritat, Artist an
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257RAPPORTEURSGarry MorrisonMarian
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Communication, Education and Public
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261have used tourism as a mechanism
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263Panel 4: Multiple Modernities vi
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265out how Asian women politicians
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267CONTACT DETAILS (as of March 201
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