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MULTIPLE MODERNITIES: GLOBALIZATION IN ASIAN CONTEXT29In the Philippines, Haribon Foundation, thePhilippine Eagle Foundation, and the Wild BirdSociety of the Philippines play a major role in birdconservation, with particular focus on an educationprogram. Various activities and education materialsabout birds and the ecosystem are provided to thecommunities and schools surrounding a ProtectedArea, as well as to people in the city.In Indonesia, Burung Indonesia has produced abulletin, a poster, leaflets for members and the generalpublic. It has also produced a teacher’s guide for theschoolteachers of Sumba Island. The teacher’s guide isgiven to teachers who undergo training courses.Lesson Learned1. In Japan, NGOs receive financial support fromthe government to implement anenvironmental education program, while inMalaysia, NGOs receive support in kind fromgovernment, with financial support mainlycoming from the private sector.2. To establish the Environmental EducationCenter, a big budget for the building is notnecessary. It can be a small, simple building asseen in Malaysia and Japan. However, in Japan,there are both types: big and small buildings, forexample, the Yutsu Higata Nature ObservationReserve, the Osaka Nanko Bird Sanctuary, theIzumi Crane Exhibition Center, and theOriental White Stork Museum in Toyooka. Allthese places have a beautiful, fully functionalbuilding located at the site, while in Fukuoka,the Save Wajiro Tidal Flat and Wetland Forumhave a one-block cabin for their equipment andmaterials. It is clear that the most importantconsiderations are location and curriculum, andtheir consistency.3. The collaboration and involvement ofstakeholders are key elements of successfulconservation as seen in the Philippines,Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan.4. A community-based conservation approachhelps cover every element and recognizes thelocal community that lives close to theprotected areas, which is very important becauseresidents can either be protectors or poachers.So, they should be engaged.5. In Japan, the local government uses a paymentsystem to compensate the farmers affected bythe wild birds.6. Local and international mechanisms are used asimportant tools to protect the various speciesand their habitats (e.g., a the NaturalMonument of Japan, the Ramsar site, theProtected Area, the East Asian andAustraliasian Shore Bird Reserve Network).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI would like to thank my host institutions: Burung Indonesia,Haribon Foundation, Malaysian Nature Society and RamsarNetwork Japan. Thank you to the following, too, for theirassistance and support: Yoppy Hidayanto, Prof. Blas Tabaranza,Jr., Yeap Chin Ik, Minoru Kashiwaki. I would like to thank mykey informants, namely, Anabelle Plantila, Mithi Gonzalez,Tatet Kibnat, Mike Lue, Norikata Ichida, Prof. SatoshiKobayashi, Noriko Kaihatsu, Kazuaki Naito, Honjo Shiro,Setsuo Satake. Misayuki Kureichi, Satoru Matsumoto, MarikoHatta, Ishi Masaharu, Chiaki Ono, Tatsuo Ina, YutakaYamamoto, Yoko Haraguchi, Hiroko Okamoto, MasakoHayashiyama, Midori Takashima, Yoshino Ando, YashimaSatoru, Kawatei Masahiro, Nakaoku Masaaki, ShinichiWatanabe, Miyagaki Hitoshi, Shigeki Takano, Seiji Hayama,Hiroko Yamamoto, Teppei Dohke, Tatsuya Shibahana, MizunoMasahiro, Matsumoto Kumio, Noboru Nakamura, YohanisBalla Djawarai, I.S. Shanmugaraj, Andrew Sebastian, and manyothers whom I could not mention here but recognize andappreciate. I would also like to thank my host families, SetsuFurakawa, Cristi Nozawa, Shigeki Iwabushi, Chiyoko Yoshida,Nobukiyo Hirakata, Kaoru Mori, the Oka family of Tai Village,Din Din of Ibuan Village, Lucy Teow and Pattarin Ikawa.Thanks to my translator, Wulansari Sutito. Special thanks alsogo out to the API Partner Institution (PI), the APICoordination Office (CO), Nippon Foundation, and my familyfor their generous support. Without you all, my work wouldnever have been completed.The Work of the 2010/2011 API Fellows