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covered (or not covered well) in the textbook and study guide.11. Take a balanced teaching and learning approacho A combined student-centred and lecturer-centred approach should beadopted, especially for first year (or first semester/trimester)international students.o Students should be given sufficient training and opportunities tounderstand and learn about the student-centred approach.o Emphasise the importance of correct referencing practices and theconsequences of poor/wrong practices.o Stress the importance of presentation, communication andinterpersonal skills, and provide sufficient training to students,especially newly-arrived international students.o Students should be encouraged to participate in class discussions,which could be made compulsory. To facilitate and nurture theirconfidence in taking part in class discussions, lecturers should createan environment in which international students feel comfortable toexpress their ideas, for instance, by asking questions they cananswer or are interested in, asking their opinions in relation to theirbackground and experiences, continually communicating to them thatparticipation and contributing to the class are what matter, notwhether their answers are correct or are in line with those of lecturersor other students.o Students should be encouraged, if not required, to take part in groupactivities. Lecturers can assign groups; alternatively students canform their own groups subject to the approval of their lecturers. Thegroups (ideally less than five group members in each group) shouldbe assigned relative to their experience, background, and the coursethey are doing. A sample of group composition is attached in theAppendix Table 1.o Literature, lessons learned and best practice on group dynamics anddevelopment should be provided to students. In addition, a suggestedfour-stage framework could be adopted, a sample of which isprovided in Appendix Table 2.12. Suggest that students pay full attention to lectures with questions and doubtsarising from reading the study materials. They should only note some veryimportant points during the class, and organise the notes based on memoryof the lectures and own understanding immediately after the class.13. Recommend to students a learning circle of reading, listening, questioning,understanding, organising, practising, critical thinking and writing.14. Discuss with students the importance of having a plan in place and ofprioritising their tasks.o If possible, universities should offer training and seminars on projectmanagement and stress management skills to all students.15. Urge students to lead a balanced life while they are studying in Australia:study hard, have enough sleep, eat well, and exercise regularly.16. Finally lecturers and universities should tell international students that theyshould relax and have confidence in themselves!132