confusing”.(4) Where do you normally do your study? Why?Only one student sometimes studied in the university <strong>and</strong> sometimes studied athome. She felt that studying on the university campus was efficient. The other sixstudents liked to study at home <strong>and</strong> one of them commented, “The reason is it’s themost convenient place to get it done as it seem to be the best place”.(5) Do you spend much time studying in the campus? Why/ why not?All seven local students liked to study at home. They only studied in university if theyneed to, such as when downloading or doing group work. One student commented,“I was spending a lot of time at the campus as I was an internal student but at themoment I do not spend much time there at all as I am an external student I do notget the time to go there <strong>and</strong> I do everything through the computer <strong>for</strong> the best part ofthe time”. One student commented, “I only go there sometimes if I need to use atextbook or use their net to download something”. One student commented“particularly if I am participating in group study or group tasks”.5.3.4 Study difficulties(1) Local students: what were the main study difficulties you encountered in 1styear?All seven students had some difficulties, which can be divided into two categories.The first was that new students need time to get used to learning methods in theuniversity as they are different from those in high school. One of them commented,“University study is a lot different to high school, you are not pushed <strong>and</strong> you mustrely on yourself to get in <strong>and</strong> get the work done”. The second was that new studentsneed time to get used to the teaching methods; as one of them commented,““Referencing with textbooks, finding a balance with life <strong>and</strong> university as well ashelp from teachers”.5.4 Graduates interview data analysisA total of 10 graduates of Asian background participated in the interview.5.4.1 <strong>Teaching</strong> Content <strong>and</strong> Textbooks(1) Do you have any difficulties in reading textbook?Nine graduates had language problems when they read textbooks. For example,one graduate said, “English is my second language, so sometimes it is really hard tofind out the meaning of a word”. Only one student has no difficulties. He said, “I findI do not have too many difficulties whilst reading Australian textbooks, becausewhen … the lecturer chooses the textbooks, they take into consideration that thisbook would be useful to both local <strong>and</strong> international students”.(2) Do you think reading the textbook is very important to your study?Eight graduates thought the textbook was very important. For example, onegraduate said, “It is very important. Many people find the examples really important.Be<strong>for</strong>e going to a particular exam you need to know something about the material,so the textbook <strong>and</strong> examples are really important”. Two students thought it was notthat important. One of them said, “I do not think that the textbook is really importantto me, I believe that the textbook is only a part of the idealistic reference material”.(3) How many hours are spent in reading textbooks per week?One graduate spent two to three hours per week. Two graduates spent 5-10 hoursper week on textbooks. Five graduates spent more than 20 hours per week.(4) What do you do when you can’t underst<strong>and</strong> your textbooks?89
When they have difficulties in reading textbooks, one of them chose to consult adictionary <strong>and</strong> ask lecturers. He said, “The first thing I can do is to look at adictionary <strong>and</strong> find the meaning by myself. If I still can’t underst<strong>and</strong> I will ask thelecturer, <strong>and</strong> they will give me in<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>and</strong> help me”. Another chose to get helpfrom a learning assistant in the university. He said, “I went to a ‘<strong>Learning</strong> Official’,she was very nice, <strong>and</strong> guided me how to read the textbook properly, doassignments, everything. … sometimes I would ask my friends the meaning”. Six ofthem chose to discuss with their lecturers <strong>and</strong> classmates. For example, onegraduate said, “I’d normally ask in the tutorial, or if I don’t have a chance, I will askanother student, or wait <strong>and</strong> try to ask the lecturer after class”.(5) What constitutes a good textbook?There were 6 graduates who thought a good textbook should combine theory <strong>and</strong>practical examples. For example, one graduate said, “I am especially interested inthe examples given in a book, real life examples <strong>and</strong> case studies. A textbook thatfocuses too hard on just theory is not very interesting, it can be boring.” Onegraduate considered picture <strong>and</strong> graph were essential parts of a good textbook. Hesaid, “When it has more topics, I like it to be easy to find keywords <strong>and</strong> have asimple structure.”(6) What do you learn most from a textbook?There were 4 graduates who thought that theory <strong>and</strong> concept from textbooks werevery important to them. For example, one graduate said, “I can learn most of thetheory from a textbook”. Two students prefer examples. One of them said he learnta lot of examples that address real world case studies, <strong>and</strong> calculations. Onegraduate thought he could find some detail about the course from a textbook; hesaid, “You learn the summary of your course from the textbook, <strong>and</strong> exp<strong>and</strong> on thatwith lectures, internet <strong>and</strong> library material”. One graduate said he learned keyin<strong>for</strong>mation about the subject from textbooks.(7) Do you think it’s important that a textbook emphasises theory?There were 2 graduates who thought that textbooks should emphasise theory. Fivegraduates believed that both theory <strong>and</strong> practical examples should be emphasised.For example, one of them said, “There is a bond between theories <strong>and</strong> exercises.You cannot separate those two processes as they are h<strong>and</strong> in h<strong>and</strong> ….”(8) Do you think reading the textbook is a very important learning exercise?There were 4 graduates who thought reading the textbook was very important <strong>for</strong>their learning. For example, one graduate said, “Yeah, I think so. Be<strong>for</strong>e I attendclass I will read the relevant material quickly, <strong>and</strong> after class I will go over it againbut more slowly, to fully underst<strong>and</strong> those things”. Three graduates said this shoulddepend on whether the textbook has enough practical examples. For example, onegraduate said, “There are links between textbooks <strong>and</strong> exercise … Although thetheories from the textbook can sometimes guide you how to operate, when you areactually working, there are many differences between theories <strong>and</strong> learningexercise”.5.4.2 <strong>Teaching</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Learning</strong> Methods(1) Can you tell me which teaching method(s) you have come across are the mosteffective?All graduates had their unique most effective teaching methods such as small groupteaching, group discussion, tutorial, lecture note <strong>and</strong> PowerPoint materials, casestudies <strong>and</strong> connections between lecturer <strong>and</strong> students. The comments were asfollows:““In my opinion, I feel that small groups …There<strong>for</strong>e, I prefer the tutorial method ofteaching.”“PowerPoint is good <strong>for</strong> me.”90
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Strategies and Approaches toTeachin
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Table of Contents0 EXECUTIVE SUMMAR
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0 Executive SummaryAustralian terti
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1 Project OutcomesThe outcomes of t
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The identification information sect
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questions aim to discover their ass
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3.2 Literature reviewCross-cultural
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4 Survey Data AnalysisThis section
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Total Count 380 632 1012Percentage
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2 Count 12 30 42Percentage 3.1% 4.7
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Table 13 shows that nearly all loca
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methods are good, while less than h
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Preferredfewerlectures andmore labs
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Table 26 (Question III.4.D) Preferr
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Maindifferencesbetweenteachingmetho
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Table 33 shows that about half of l
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Table 38 (Question IV.4) Sufficient
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understanding lectures?Table 42 (Qu
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life. However, it is very important
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There are ways of maintaining focus
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Expect to be nervous initially and
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Avoid cheating and plagiarismAustra
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9 Disciplinary and interdisciplinar
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10 Results communication, publicati
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Visiting Professor Javier Montero f
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11 ReferencesAsmar C. (1999), Schol