Understanding Smart Sensors - Nomads.usp

xiiUnderstanding Smart Sensors6.9.4 The Protocol as a Module 1456.10 Summary 146References 1467 Control Techniques 1497.1 Introduction 1497.1.1 Programmable Logic Controllers 1507.1.2 Open- Versus Closed-Loop Systems 1507.1.3 PID Control 1507.2 State Machines 1547.3 Fuzzy Logic 1557.4 Neural Networks 1577.5 Combined Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks 1607.6 Adaptive Control 1617.6.1 Observers for Sensing 1627.7 Other Control Areas 1647.7.1 RISC Versus CISC 1657.7.2 Combined CISC, RISC, and DSP 1677.8 The Impact of Artificial Intelligence 1687.9 Summary 169References 1708 Transceivers, Transponders, and Telemetry 1738.1 Introduction 1738.1.1 The RF Spectrum 1748.1.2 Spread Spectrum 1778.2 Wireless Data and Communications 1798.2.1 Wireless Local Area Networks 1808.2.2 FAX/Modems 1808.2.3 Wireless Zone Sensing 1818.2.4 Optical Signal Transmission 1828.3 RF Sensing 183